Progression and Clustering of Marijuana Use in African American Neighborhoods

非裔美国人社区大麻使用的进展和聚集

基本信息

批准号：
8368584
负责人：
BETH A. REBOUSSIN
金额：
$ 21.28万
依托单位：
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-09-01 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8368584
关键词：
Adolescence African American Age Attention Concentration Attitude Behavior Belief Censuses Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)Childhood Cigarette Communities Data Data Analyses Demographic Factors Dependence Development Disease Drug Addiction Drug abuse Drug usage Economically Deprived Population Environment Epidemiology Equation Exhibits Exposure to Family Friends Generations Goals Individual Intervention Studies Lead Life Logistic Regressions Low income Marijuana Smoking Measures Methods Modeling Morphologic artifacts Neighborhoods Parents Patient Self-Report Pattern Peer Pressure Performance Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical environment Police Population Prevention Prevention program Process Records Research Research Project Grants Risk Factors Role Sampling Series Staging Students Techniques Time Violence Work Youth base contagion cost effective deviant high school improved innovation middle school peer programs racism response skills social theories young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Few studies have examined patterns of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood, particularly among African Americans. African American high school students consistently exhibit higher rates of marijuana use than Whites, and in the past decade rates of abuse and dependence have increased among young adult African Americans, but not their White counterparts. Limited research suggests marijuana use continues well into young adulthood for African Americans with greater long-term consequences. There is also evidence that African Americans initiate marijuana use prior to cigarettes in contrast to the 'gateway hypothesis'; a recent study suggests this pattern of initiation may be associated with poorer physical environments, greater exposure to drugs and more neglectful parents. Previous work suggests that differential rates and patterns of marijuana use in African Americans are attributable, in part, to differences in the importance of various ris factors. Risk factors for marijuana use, however, have not been studied extensively in African Americans, and therefore, it is unclear if the risk factors found to be important for Whites can generalize to African Americans. Further, neighborhood context which is particularly relevant for low-income urban youth who are persistently exposed to drug activity, disorder and violence, represents an important but equally understudied risk factor. The goal of this application is to conduct a series of new analyses of longitudinal data from the 2nd generation Johns Hopkins Prevention Intervention Research Center (JHPIRC) trial to examine the role of individual, social and neighborhood level factors on: (1) the process underlying developmental transitions in marijuana use from earliest opportunities to use the drug down through the later stages of drug dependence in a sample of African American youth followed from 1st grade to age 25, and (2) the clustering of marijuana use behaviors in the urban neighborhoods where they live. Our goals will be accomplished using two innovative statistical techniques~ latent transition analysis (LTA) for studying empirically-derived stages of marijuana use and alternating logistic regressions (ALR) for estimating and modeling the magnitude of clustering in neighborhoods. This is one of the few studies that follows African Americans from childhood to young adulthood and includes extensive measures of individual, family and peer factors including annual self-reported measures of the neighborhood environment and more recently, an innovative field-rater assessment of the urban, primarily economically-disadvantaged, neighborhoods where they live Findings from this innovative and cost-effective project could have a significant impact on the development of culturally-appropriate, community-wide prevention programs targeted at urban-dwelling African Americans for whom effective programs are urgently needed. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: African Americans exhibit higher rates of marijuana use than Whites and their rates of abuse and dependence are increasing. By using innovative statistical techniques and measures of the social and neighborhood environment, new understandings of the course of marijuana use and the influence of factors that are more salient in this population will lead to the development of culturally appropriate prevention programs targeted at urban-dwelling African Americans for whom effective programs are needed.

描述（由申请人提供）：很少有研究调查从青春期到成年早期的大麻使用模式，特别是在非裔美国人中。非裔美国高中生的大麻使用率始终高于白人，并且在过去十年中，年轻的非洲裔美国人的滥用和依赖率有所增加，但白人同行却没有增加。有限的研究表明，对于非裔美国人来说，吸食大麻会持续到成年早期，并产生更大的长期后果。还有证据表明，非洲裔美国人在吸烟之前就开始吸食大麻，这与“门户假说”相反。最近的一项研究表明，这种开始模式可能与较差的物理环境、更多的毒品接触和更疏忽的父母有关。先前的研究表明，非裔美国人吸食大麻的比率和模式存在差异，部分原因在于各种 ris 因素重要性的差异。然而，尚未在非裔美国人中广泛研究吸食大麻的风险因素，因此，尚不清楚对白人重要的风险因素是否可以推广到非裔美国人。此外，邻里环境与持续接触毒品活动、混乱和暴力的低收入城市青年尤其相关，是一个重要但同样未被充分研究的风险因素。此应用程序的目标是对第二代约翰·霍普金斯预防干预研究中心 (JHPIRC) 试验的纵向数据进行一系列新分析，以检查个人、社会和邻里层面因素在以下方面的作用：(1) 潜在的过程在非裔美国青年样本中，从一年级到 25 岁，大麻使用的发展转变从最早使用药物的机会一直到药物依赖的后期阶段，以及 (2) 大麻使用的聚集他们居住的城市社区的行为。我们的目标将使用两种创新的统计技术来实现：潜在转变分析（LTA）用于研究大麻使用的经验推导阶段，以及交替逻辑回归（ALR）用于估计和建模社区中的聚类程度。这是跟踪非裔美国人从童年到青年时期的少数研究之一，包括对个人、家庭和同伴因素的广泛测量，包括每年自我报告的邻里环境测量以及最近对城市城市的创新实地评估。这一创新且具有成本效益的项目的研究结果可能会对针对居住在城市的非裔美国人制定适合文化的社区范围的预防计划产生重大影响，他们迫切需要有效的计划需要。公共卫生相关性：非裔美国人的大麻使用率高于白人，而且他们的滥用和依赖率正在增加。通过使用创新的统计技术和社会和邻里环境的测量方法，对大麻使用过程和该人群中更突出的因素的影响的新认识将导致针对居住在城市的非洲人制定文化上适当的预防计划需要有效计划的美国人。