Human Locomotor Plasticity in Health and Disease

健康和疾病中的人类运动可塑性

• 批准号: 7616170
• 负责人: Amy J. Bastian
• 金额: $ 24.77万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7616170
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Palsy; Cerebral cortex; Child; Clinical; Corticospinal Tracts; Data; Disease; Feasibility Studies; Gait; Generations; Health; Hemispherectomy; Human; Impairment; Learning; Leg; Limb structure; Locomotion; Locomotor adaptation; Measures; Methods; Motor; Movement; Nervous System Trauma; Neuraxis; One-Step dentin bonding system; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Plastics; Preparation; Process; Randomized; Randomized Clinical Trials; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Speed; Spinal; Stroke; Structure; Testing; Time; Training; Translating; Walking; Work; base; clinical practice; design; focal brain damage; hemiparesis; improved; neural circuit; neuromechanism; programs; research study; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Walking requires precise coordination of movement timing and scaling between the two legs. This inter-limb coordination is often disrupted after neurological injury (e.g. stroke), resulting in abnormal, asymmetric walking patterns. Recent data show that locomotor patterns can be altered through treadmill training, even after central nervous system damage, raising the possibility that abnormal inter-limb coordination could be remediated with adaptive training strategies. In this project, we will study adaptation of inter-limb coordination during walking, by using a split-belt treadmill to control walking speed of the two legs independently. Our data and the work of others suggest that inter-limb adaptation could rely, in part, on the integrity of supraspinal structures such as: 1) cerebellar-brainstem circuits and/or 2) sensorimotor regions of cerebral cortex, via the corticospinal tract. We hypothesize that inter-limb adaptation is most dependent on cerebellar-brainstem interactions. If so, people with other types of neurological damage, but with intact cerebellar function (e.g. hemiparesis), could benefit from adaptive split-belt treadmill training to correct abnormal, asymmetric walking patterns. In this project we will study locomotor adaptation mechanisms in healthy control subjects and people with focal brain damage to answer the following questions: 1) What is the human capacity for adaptation of inter-limb coordination during locomotion (dynamic range, extent of storage, and generalization to other contexts)? 2) What brain structures are critical for adaptation of inter-limb coordination during locomotion? 3) Can adaptive training improve inter-limb coordination and walking patterns in people with neurological damage? These studies will provide important new information about the neural mechanisms of locomotor adaptation, as well as providing a new rehabilitation tool for people with asymmetric gait patterns resulting from central nervous system damage (e.g. stroke, cerebral palsy). Lay summary: Walking disturbances are some of the most common problems in people who have had a stroke. In these experiments, we will work to understand how people normally coordinate the two legs to walk, how new walking patterns can be learned in short time periods, and whether people who have had damage to the brain can learn to improve walking using new rehabilitation methods. We will do this using a new type of treadmill that has two belts so that the legs can be independently controlled at different speeds.

描述（由申请人提供）：行走需要精确协调运动时机和两腿之间的缩放。这种四肢间的协调通常在神经损伤（例如中风）后被破坏，导致异常、不对称的行走模式。最近的数据表明，即使在中枢神经系统受损后，运动模式也可以通过跑步机训练来改变，这提高了通过适应性训练策略来修复异常肢体间协调的可能性。在这个项目中，我们将研究步行过程中四肢间协调的适应性，通过使用分带式跑步机独立控制两条腿的步行速度。我们的数据和其他人的工作表明，肢体间适应可能部分依赖于脊髓上结构的完整性，例如：1）小脑脑干回路和/或2）通过皮质脊髓束的大脑皮层感觉运动区域。我们假设肢体间适应最依赖于小脑-脑干相互作用。如果是这样，患有其他类型神经损伤但小脑功能完整（例如偏瘫）的人可以从自适应分带式跑步机训练中受益，以纠正异常、不对称的行走模式。在这个项目中，我们将研究健康对照受试者和局灶性脑损伤患者的运动适应机制，以回答以下问题：1）人类在运动过程中适应肢体间协调的能力是什么（动态范围、存储程度和运动能力）推广到其他上下文）？ 2）哪些大脑结构对于运动过程中肢体间协调的适应至关重要？ 3）适应性训练能否改善神经损伤患者的肢体间协调性和行走模式？这些研究将提供有关运动适应神经机制的重要新信息，并为因中枢神经系统损伤（例如中风、脑瘫）而导致步态不对称的人提供新的康复工具。简单总结：行走障碍是中风患者最常见的问题之一。在这些实验中，我们将努力了解人们通常如何协调两条腿行走，如何在短时间内学习新的行走模式，以及大脑受损的人是否可以使用新的康复方法学习改善行走。我们将使用一种新型跑步机来实现此目的，该跑步机具有两条皮带，以便可以以不同的速度独立控制腿部。