From infra- to ultrasound: Diversity in acoustic processing by the vertebrate ear

从红外线到超声波：脊椎动物耳朵声学处理的多样性

• 批准号: 7626689
• 负责人: PETER M. NARINS
• 金额: $ 43.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7626689
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Amphibia; Animals; Auditory; Auditory system; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Birds; Calcium; Calmodulin; Cell physiology; Communication; Complex; Coupled; Data; Ear; Ear ossicles; Engineering; Ensure; Exhibits; Feedback; Food; Frequencies; Goals; Habitats; Hair Cells; Human; Hyperacusis; Investigation; Kinetics; Knowledge; Laboratories; Labyrinth; Lasers; Lead; Light; Mammals; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Mediating; Modeling; Mole the mammal; Motion; Nervous system structure; Neurobiology; Noise; Noise Induced Tinnitus; Peripheral; Pharmacology; Physiological; Probability; Process; Property; Rana; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Role; Scanning; Sensory Hair; Series; Signal Transduction; Specialist; Stimulus; Study Subject; Synapses; Syndrome; System; Talents; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tympanic membrane; Ultrasonics; Ultrasonography; Vertebrates; Work; base; bone; cell motility; cell preparation; computerized data processing; experience; extracellular; insight; interest; man; member; middle ear; multidisciplinary; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; otoacoustic emission; patch clamp; programs; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; skills; sound; success; toad; transmission process; vibration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of our laboratory is a richer understanding of the structural and physiological bases of the frequency selectivity or tuning in the vertebrate auditory system. Driven by a knowledge of the animal's acoustic behavior in its natural habitat, our primary objectives for the proposed research are threefold: (1) to apply modern techniques to provide new insights into the physiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying the localization of airborne sound and substrate-borne vibration in the vertebrate ear, (2) to gain an understanding and appreciation of the mechanisms underlying the electrical and mechanical cellular processes that modulate and sculpt low-frequency selectivity in the auditory periphery, and (3) to explore the physiological bases underlying the newly-discovered remarkable ultrasonic sensitivity in the amphibian ear. To accomplish these objectives, a series of four detailed investigations will be performed in order to (a) directly measure the motion of the middle ear ossicles in a "low-frequency" animal, the golden mole, in order to characterize the directional responses of the middle ear ossicles to airborne and seismic stimuli- and thus extend our observations to a subterranean seismic specialist, (b) systematically compare both receptor pharmacology and ionic current kinetics in the same hair cell preparation to directly test the effects of exogenous agents on tuning properties of low-frequency hair cells, (c) examine the calcium-calmodulin- dependent contractile mechanism mediating slow motility in response to extracellular stimuli in vertebrate hair cells, and (d) characterize the tuning of the peripheral auditory system of a high-frequency specialist and to determine the mechanisms subserving this tuning. The data that result will be rich in implications regarding the processing of airborne sound and substrate vibration as well as the role of efferent-mediated feedback in frequency tuning. Thus, this work is expected to provide a framework for understanding both airborne and bone-conducted sound transmission and tuning in animals, including humans. Of major current interest is the putative role of the efferent system in the genesis of frequency selectivity and protection against noise overstimulation. Ultimately, our research may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treatment of hyperacusis and noise-induced tinnitus, two known syndromes in which efferent system malfunction has been implicated.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们实验室的总体目标是对脊椎动物听觉系统中频率选择性或调谐的结构和生理基础的更丰富的理解。在对动物在自然栖息地中的声学行为的了解的驱动下，我们提出的研究的主要目标是三重：（1）应用现代技术，以提供对空气源声音和底层 - 底层生理和生物物理机制的新见解。 （2）在脊椎动物耳中传播振动，以了解和欣赏电气和机械蜂窝过程的机制，这些机制调节和雕刻听觉外围的低频选择性，以及（3）探索生理基础的生理基础。两栖动物的新发现的超声敏感性新发现。为了实现这些目标，将进行一系列四个详细研究，以（a）直接测量“低频”动物中中耳耳的运动，金摩尔，以表征的方向反应中耳耳囊到空气传播和地震刺激，从而将我们的观察结果扩展到地下地震专家，（b）系统地比较了相同毛细胞制剂中受体药理学和离子电流动力学，以直接测试外源物质对外源物质在调谐特性上的效果低频毛细胞，（c）检查钙 - 钙调蛋白依赖的收缩机制，响应脊椎动物毛细胞的细胞外刺激，介导缓慢的运动性，（d）表征高频繁专家的外围听觉系统的调整并确定这种调谐的机制。结果的数据对空气中的声音和底物振动的处理以及传递介导的反馈在频率调整中的作用具有丰富的意义。因此，预计这项工作将提供一个框架，以理解包括人类在内的动物中的空气传播和骨传导的声音传播和调谐。当前主要关注的是传出系统在频率选择性和防御噪声过度刺激的保护中的推定作用。最终，我们的研究可能导致新的治疗方法来治疗超源和噪声引起的耳鸣，这是两种已知的综合征，其中涉及传出系统故障。