Effects of Hearing Status on Adult Speech Production

听力状态对成人言语产生的影响

• 批准号: 7533474
• 负责人: JOSEPH S PERKELL
• 金额: $ 56.54万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-01 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7533474
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Adult; Age; Agreement; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Categories; Client; Cochlear Implants; Dimensions; Discrimination; Feedback; Financial compensation; Funding; Generations; Goals; Hearing; Implant; Incisor; Intention; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Length; Maps; Measures; Mechanics; Mediating; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Operative Surgical Procedures; Pattern; Perception; Plants; Play; Production; Prosthesis; Public Health; Relative (related person); Reproduction; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sensory; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Disorders; Speech Sound; Stress; System; Tars; Testing; Time; Training; Update; auditory feedback; base; deafness; design; digital; feeding; hearing impairment; indexing; insight; lexical; motor control; programs; research study; response; role model; sound

The goals of this application for continuation funding are: to deepen significantly our understanding of how a speaker's auditory acuity influences his or her speech motor planning; to describe the speech percep- tion and production of hearing-impaired adults and the effects of cochlear prostheses; and to evaluate and help refine a quantitative model of the role of hearing in speech. We pursue these goals by conducting ex- periments with normal-hearing speakers, and with postlingually deafened adults who receive cochlear im- plants. Our experiments measure the effects of the implants on speech in recordings made before implanta- tion and up to two years after, as speakers' auditory acuity evolves. According to our model of the role of hearing in adult speech motor control, many of the goals of speech movements are in the auditory domain. Consequently, a central theme of this research is the role of auditory perception in the feedback and feed- forward control systems that are used to achieve auditory goals during speech. Feedforward control is al- most entirely responsible for generating articulatory movements in adults. However, when there is a mis- match between the speaker's intention and the resulting auditory feedback during production of a speech sound, that error leads to corrective motor commands that serve to update feedforward commands for sub- sequent movements. The speaker's ability to detect such a mismatch depends on his or her auditory acuity. The proposed research inquires into the role of auditory acuity when producing phoneme and lexical stress contrasts; when compensating for feedback perturbation of vowel formants or for mechanical pertur- bation of sibilant spectra; and when imitating synthesized vowels. To measure acuity we present synthetic speech continua for discrimination testing. To assess relations with acuity, we measure the degree of sepa- ration of contrastive phonemes and lexical stress; dispersion of productions around their phoneme means; compensation for formant shift and for mechanical perturbation of sibilant spectra; and imitation accuracy. In most of these experiments we also block auditory feedback temporarily in order to reveal the state of feed- forward commands. Analyses take demographic variables such as age at hearing loss and duration of im- plant use into account. Relevance to public health: Hearing oneself speak plays a twofold role in maintaining good speech - it may correct the pronunciation of speech sounds even as they are occurring and it can revise plans for pro- ducing the sound next time. When a speaker is seriously hearing-impaired, those two mechanisms do not function well and speech can deteriorate over time. This project studies the idea that the people most af- fected are those who cannot distinguish the different speech sounds well. The results can serve to stimulate research on new therapies in which certain speech disorders, including those of speech development, are alleviated by training clients to hear differences better among the sounds that they produce.

该申请继续资金的目标是：为了加深我们对 说话者的听觉敏锐度如何影响他或她的语音运动计划；描述演讲感知 听力受损成年人的影响和生产以及人工耳蜗假体的影响；并评估和 帮助完善听力在语音中作用的定量模型。我们通过执行这些目标来实现这些目标 听力正常的扬声器的内部，以及接受人工耳蜗的后聋成人 植物。我们的实验衡量了植入物对在Implanta之前进行的录音中语音的影响 - 随着演讲者的听觉敏锐度的发展，最多两年后。根据我们的作用模型 在成人语音运动控制中听到的听力，语音运动的许多目标都在听觉领域。 因此，这项研究的核心主题是听觉感知在反馈和饲料中的作用 - 用于在语音过程中实现听觉目标的正向控制系统。前馈控制是 大多数完全负责在成年人中产生发音运动。但是，当有一个错误 演讲时说话者的意图与由此产生的听觉反馈之间的匹配 声音，该错误会导致校正电动机命令，该命令用于更新sub-的feedforward命令 顺序运动。演讲者检测到这种不匹配的能力取决于他或她的听觉敏锐度。 拟议的研究询问了产生音素和词汇时听觉敏锐度的作用 压力对比；弥补元音实圈的反馈扰动或机械性驱动力时 弹性光谱的bation;以及模仿合成元音时。为了测量敏锐度，我们提出合成 语音连续性进行歧视测试。为了评估敏锐的关系，我们测量了sepa-的程度 对比的音素和词汇应力的评估；围绕音素手段的作品的分散； 赔偿共振剂的转移和机械扰动光谱光谱；和模仿准确性。在 这些实验中的大多数也暂时阻止听觉反馈，以揭示饲料状态 向前命令。分析采用人口统计学变量，例如听力损失时的年龄和IM的持续时间 植物使用。 与公共卫生的相关性：听自己说话在保持良好的言论方面发挥了双重作用 - 它 即使发生了语音的发音，也可能会纠正声音的发音，并且可以修改计划的计划 下次插入声音。当说话者严重听力受损时，这两种机制不会 功能良好，语音会随着时间的流逝而恶化。该项目研究了人民最适合的想法 被认为无法区分不同演讲的人听起来不错。结果可以刺激 关于某些语音障碍（包括语音发展）的新疗法的研究是 受到培训客户的缓解，以在他们产生的声音中更好地听到差异。