HEARING AND SPEECH--COCHLEAR IMPLANT USERS

听力和言语——人工耳蜗用户

• 批准号: 2414674
• 负责人: JOSEPH S PERKELL
• 金额: $ 41.51万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-01 至 2001-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2414674
• 关键词: adult human (21+); auditory feedback; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cochlear implants; deafness; hearing; human subject; longitudinal human study; speech; voice

This research aims to characterize the speech production of postlingually deafened adults before and after they receive cochlear implants, in order to contribute to our understanding of disordered speech in deafness and the role of hearing in normal speech. Our findings to this point indicate significant deterioration of speech parameters in postlingually deafened adults and, following activation of their cochlear implants, substantial longitudinal changes, often, but not uniformly, in the direction of normalcy. The theoretical framework of our research provides that articulatory movements are programmed to achieve sequences of feature- specified articulatory and acoustic goals. This programming uses an acquired internal model of relations between articulatory commands and acoustic output; we term the parameter settings of this internal model the phonemic settings. With some hearing restored with a cochlear prosthesis, speakers change phonemic settings (reflected in, e.g., vowel F2, sibilant spectra) at the same time they make postural adjustments (e.g., reflected in such changes as average SPL, rate, FO). To develop and evaluate this theoretical framework, we propose conducting three kinds of experiments; (1) long-term, longitudinal studies of speech before and after implantation; (2) short-term studies, in which signals from the implant are modified or interrupted or, with hearing subjects, in which auditory feedback is temporarily altered; and (3) perceptual experiments, in which implant users identify phonemes and discriminate synthetic speech stimuli, and in which their intelligibility is evaluated by normally-hearing listeners. The experiments focus mainly on: three spectral contrasts (vowels, sibilants and plosives), a timing contrast (plosive voicing), coarticulation, variability of phoneme targets, and suprasegmental regulation of FO and SPL. We will test predictions derived from the theoretical framework; e.g., postural changes are more rapid than phonemic resettings; implant users will be able to discriminate those contrasts that they change pre- to post-activation; access to auditory validation of phonemic settings will reduce variability around phoneme target values; phoneme contrasts produced with access to self-hearing are more intelligible than those produced without it. The body of knowledge concerning the speech of implant users provides some information on "speech benefit" from the cochlear implant. Our findings also bear on broader theoretical issues in speech science, such as the articulatory underpinnings of disordered speech, especially in deafened adults; interrelations among speech parameters (linkages) in the speech of deafened adults and in speakers with normal hearing; the role of prosthetic hearing in determining the characteristics of implant-user speech; the role of hearing in articulatory programming in speakers with normal hearing.

这项研究旨在表征后期的语音产生 在收到人工耳蜗之前和之后聋的成年人按顺序 为了理解我们对耳聋和言语无序的理解 听力在正常语音中的作用。 到目前为止，我们的发现表明 后聋的语音参数严重恶化 成年人，并在激活他们的人工耳蜗植入物后大量 纵向变化，通常但不统一， 正常。 我们研究的理论框架提供了 编程的关节运动以实现特征序列 - 指定的发音和声学目标。 该编程使用 获得的内部关系模型与关节命令与 声产出；我们称此内部模型的参数设置 音调环境。 有些听证会恢复了人工耳蜗假体， 扬声器更改音调设置（例如，反映在元音F2，sibinant 光谱）同时进行姿势调整（例如，反映 在平均SPL，速率，fo）中。 开发和评估 理论框架，我们建议进行三种实验。 （1）对语音的长期纵向研究 植入； （2）短期研究，其中植入物信号 被修改或中断，或者与听觉主题有关 反馈暂时改变； （3）感知实验，其中 植入物用户识别音素并区分合成语音刺激， 并通过正常听证会评估其清晰度 听众。 实验主要关注：三个光谱对比度 （元音，副词和plosives），时序对比度（Plosive Soicing）， 共体会，音素目标的可变性和上段 FO和SPL的调节。 我们将测试从 理论框架；例如，姿势变化比音素更快 安置；植入用户将能够区分那些对比 他们会改变后激活后；访问听觉验证 音调设置将降低音素目标值周围的变异性； 与访问自觉产生的音素对比更多 比没有它的那些可理解的。 知识的身体 关于植入物用户的语音，提供了一些有关“语音的信息” “从人工耳蜗中受益。我们的发现也更广泛 言语科学中的理论问题，例如发音 言语无序的基础，尤其是在聋人的成年人中； 语音参数（链接）之间的相互关系 成人和听力正常的演讲者；假肢的角色 在确定植入物言语的特征时；的作用 听证会在有正常听力的演讲者中听力。