Effects of Hearing Status on Adult Speech Production

听力状态对成人言语产生的影响

• 批准号: 6634475
• 负责人: JOSEPH S PERKELL
• 金额: $ 66.76万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-05-01 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6634475
• 关键词: adult human (21+); age difference; auditory cortex; auditory feedback; auditory pathways; behavioral /social science research tag; central neural pathway /tract; clinical research; cochlear implants; deafness; ear /hearing prosthesis; experience; hearing; hearing aids; human subject; medical implant science; noise; nonEnglish language; phonology; psychomotor function; sound perception; speech; speech recognition; verbal learning; visual stimulus

The goals of this application are: to contribute to the body of knowledge on the role of hearing in speech production; to describe the speech of hearing-impaired persons and the effects of prostheses; and to evaluate and refine the properties of a model of the role of hearing in speech. We pursue those goals by conducting experiments with: adult cochlear implant users; hearing aid users; deaf speakers who do not use prostheses; and speakers with normal hearing. According to our model of the role of hearing in adult speech motor control, speech production involves auditory goals and thus mappings between articulatory movements and their auditory consequences. The project investigates: (1) how mappings are degraded after long deafness, retuned when some hearing is restored, and affected by short-term changes in hearing; (2) the effects on speech when bite blocks are introduced with and without hearing; (3) evidence that the mapping of allophonic variation into auditory goals improves after the speaker receives a cochlear prosthesis; (4) the structure of phonetic categories in prosthesis users; (5) the effects of increasing the number of auditory goals (by comparing two languages with different vowel inventories) on responses to changes in auditory feedback; (6) the effects of clarity demands and auditory feedback on phonetic contrasts; (7) the timing of changes in speech parameters in response to changes in hearing; (8) effects of hearing status on audio-visual integration of spoken syllables; (9) effects of hearing loss on activation of auditory cortex by visible speech; (10) effects of age at hearing loss on cortical activation during speech; and (11) the effects of age at hearing loss on phonetic contrasts. Independent variables that are employed in most of the studies are: initial provision of a cochlear implant; modification of auditory feedback; and the stage at which the modification is made (before implantation, shortly after, long after). In general, the effects of these interventions are assessed by examining phoneme recognition, levels of cortical activation and, in speech production, acoustic measures of selected phonetic contrasts - consonantal and vocalic - as well as properties of the overall acoustic vowel space.

该应用的目标是：为听力在语音生产中的作用而促进知识体系；描述听力受损的人的讲话和假体的影响；并评估和完善听力在语音中作用的模型的特性。 我们通过与：成人人工耳蜗使用者进行实验来追求这些目标；助听器用户；不使用假肢的聋人演讲者；和听力正常的演讲者。 根据我们关于听力在成人语音运动控制中的作用的模型，语音产生涉及听觉目标，从而在发音运动及其听觉后果之间进行映射。该项目调查：（1）长时间耳聋后映射如何降解，在恢复听证会时重新调整并受听力短期变化的影响； （2）当咬合块在没有听力的情况下引入咬合时对语音的影响； （3）证据表明，在发言人收到人工耳蜗假体后，将同样变化映射到听觉目标之后有所改善； （4）假体用户中语音类别的结构； （5）增加听觉目标数量（通过将两种语言与不同元音清单进行比较）对听觉反馈变化的响应的影响； （6）清晰度需求和听觉反馈对语音对比的影响； （7）响应听力变化的语音参数变化时间； （8）听力状态对口语音节的视听整合的影响； （9）听力损失对可见语音激活听觉皮层激活的影响； （10）听力损失年龄对语音过程中皮质激活的影响； （11）听力损失对语音对比的影响。在大多数研究中使用的自变量是：最初提供人工耳蜗植入物；修改听觉反馈；以及进行修饰的阶段（在植入之前，不久之后，很长一段时间后）。 通常，通过检查音素识别，皮质激活水平以及在语音产生中，评估这些干预措施的影响，对选定的语音对比度的声学测量（辅音和人声）以及整体声学元音空间的特性。