Sensorimotor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 10414990
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 42.05万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10414990
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Animals; Anterolateral; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Communication; Complement; Consensus; Data; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Exposure to; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Hearing; Human; Image; Laboratories; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Cortex; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Production; Property; Role; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Disorders; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; anatomical tracing; auditory processing; awake; base; density; improved; instrument; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; putamen; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract Two cortical pathways originate from early core and belt areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway that was originally defined – similar to the visual system – as a processing stream for space and motion. It has been proposed that the auditory dorsal pathway should be reframed in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of auditory-motor sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this long-term project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce sound sequences on a new behavioral apparatus (“monkey piano”) developed in our laboratory (Archakov et al., 2020). By pressing a lever, the monkey produces a tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey produces a melody. After an animal has learned to reliably play the same sequence, auditory-responsive brain regions are identified through whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while the animal is alert and listens to the learned self-produced sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to, and novel melodies that the monkey has never heard before. Results from the previous funding cycle show that listening to the self-produced melody activates not only auditory areas but also motor regions of the brain, thus demonstrating the existence of internal models linking perception and action. The locations of activated regions will now guide electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). We will record neuronal responses in auditory and motor regions of cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in premotor cortex and posterior parietal cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system in the form of internal models. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide essential information on the origin of human communication, including speech and music. Our studies are relevant for higher–level processing disorders of speech and its production, such as apraxia of speech, non-fluent aphasia, and specific language disorders that involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of sensorimotor disorders, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

项目摘要/摘要 两种皮质途径源自听觉皮层的早期核心和皮带区域：腹侧途径下降 声音的识别和最初定义的背途径（类似于视觉系统） 处理流以进行空间和运动。已经提出听觉背途径应该是 在更广泛的意义上重新构建为感官集成和控制的处理流（Rauschecker， 2011）。该更广泛的功能明确包括空间处理，但也扩展到处理 听觉运动序列，包括人类的口语演讲和音乐旋律。在这长期 项目，我们将通过训练恒河猴生产来测试听觉背流的扩展模型 在我们的实验室中开发的新行为设备（“猴子钢琴”）上的声音序列（Archakov et Al。，2020）。通过按下杠杆，猴子会产生特定音高的音调。通过按下几个杠杆 继承，猴子产生了旋律。在动物学会可靠地发挥相同序列后， 通过全脑功能共振成像鉴定出听觉响应的大脑区域 （fMRI）虽然动物保持警惕，并听取了学习的自我生产的序列。控制刺激包括 猴子的旋律已经被动地暴露于 前。以前的资金周期的结果表明，听自我生产的旋律激活而不是 只有听觉区域，但也只有大脑的运动区域，从而证明了内部模型的存在 联系感知和行动。活性区域的位置现在将指导电生理记录 带有线性微电极阵列（LMA）。我们将记录听觉和运动区域的神经元反应 皮层被动地聆听声音序列，并将其与当时获得的神经元活性进行比较 猴子积极产生和没有声音的序列。最后，我们将添加猴子玩的视频 使用猴子钢琴上的声音序列和使用背面的多感官相互作用使用 fMRI和LMA。特别是，将将尾听带和对抛物线的反应与中的响应进行比较 同时记录中的前皮质和后顶叶皮层。我们的研究，使用警报猴子 在行为任务中受过培训，将有助于理解统一的感知原理和认知原则 跨感觉系统及其与电机系统的相互作用以内部模型的形式进行。 在非人类灵长类动物中调查听觉背流将提供有关起源的基本信息 人类交流，包括言语和音乐。我们的研究与更高级别的处理有关 言语及其产生的疾病，例如语音，非素质失语和特定语言 涉及感觉系统和运动系统之间协调不足的疾病。结果也将 提高我们对感觉运动障碍的理解，例如共济失调，这可能是由中风或 神经退行性疾病，从而导致更好的疗法和康复策略。