Sensory-motor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 9178657
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 53.18万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9178657
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Anterolateral; Aphasia; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Consensus; Data; Devices; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Dysarthria; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hearing; Human; Image; Inferior; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Role; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; auditory processing; awake; base; design; improved; instrument; motor disorder; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two cortical pathways originate from primary core areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway, which was originally defined - similar to the visual system - as a processing stream for space and motion. We have recently proposed that this dorsal pathway should be redefined in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of temporal sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce fixed sound sequences on a newly designed behavioral apparatus ("monkey piano"). By pressing a lever the monkey will produce a musical tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey will produce a melody. After a monkey has learned to reliably play the same melody, we will perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of auditory-responsive brain regions in the awake monkey while it listens to the learned self-generated sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to by listening to another monkey play for the same amount of time, and novel melodies that the monkey never heard before. Preliminary data suggest that areas activated by the self-generated melody include a region in inferior parietal cortex as well as one focus each in dorsal and ventral premotor cortex. The locations of activated regions will guide subsequent electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). Each recording site will be tested with the same sequences. Next we will record neuronal responses in premotor cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in inferior parietal and premotor cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide valuable information about the evolution of speech and music in humans. Our studies are highly relevant for higher-order processing disorders of audition and speech, such as dysarthria, apraxia of speech, aphasia and specific language disorders which involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of disorders of sensory-motor integration, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus, leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

 描述（由适用提供）：两种皮层途径源自听觉皮层的主要核心区域：腹侧路径的声音识别，而最初定义的背途径（类似于视觉系统）作为空间和运动的处理流。我们最近提出，这种背侧途径应在广泛的意义上重新定义为感觉运动积分和控制的处理流（Rauschecker，2011）。这种更广泛的功能明确包括空间处理，但也扩展到临时序列的处理，包括人类的口语语音和音乐旋律。在这个项目中，我们将通过训练恒河猴在新设计的行为设备（“ Monkey Piano”）上产生固定的声音序列来测试听觉背流的扩展模型。通过按下杠杆，猴子将产生特定音调的音乐基调。通过连续按几个杠杆，猴子将产生旋律。在猴子学会可靠地发挥相同的旋律后，我们将对清醒猴子中听觉响应的大脑区域进行功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），同时听取学习的自我生成的顺序。控制刺激包括旋律，猴子通过听另一个猴子的玩法在相同的时间内被动地暴露于被动的，而猴子从未听说过的新颖旋律。初步数据表明，自我生成的旋律激活的区域包括较低的顶叶区域中的一个区域，以及在背侧和腹侧前优质皮层中的一个重点。活性区的位置将用线性微电极阵列（LMA）指导随后的电生理记录。每个记录站点将通过相同的序列进行测试。接下来，我们将记录前运动皮层中的神经元反应，以被动地聆听声音序列，并将它们与猴子积极产生和没有声音产生序列时获得的神经元活性进行比较。最后，我们将添加猴子在猴子钢琴上播放声音序列的视频，并使用fMRI和LMA沿着背流进行多感官相互作用。特别是，将尾声带和对位位的反应与同时记录中的较低顶叶和前皮层的反应进行比较。我们的研究使用经过行为任务训练的警报猴子，将有助于理解跨感官系统的感知和认知原则及其与运动系统的相互作用。在非人类灵长类动物中调查听觉背流将提供有关人类言语和音乐演变的宝贵信息。我们的研究与试听和语音的高阶处理障碍高度相关，例如构音障碍，言语失调，失语症和特定语言障碍，涉及感觉和运动系统之间的协调不足。结果还将提高我们对感官运动整合疾病的理解，例如共济就可能是由中风或神经退行性疾病引起的，从而导致更好的疗法和康复策略。