Sensory-motor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 10171668
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 7.78万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10171668
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Anterolateral; Aphasia; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Consensus; Data; Devices; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Dysarthria; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Exposure to; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hearing; Human; Image; Inferior; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Role; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; auditory processing; awake; base; design; improved; instrument; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract Two cortical pathways originate from primary core areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway, which was originally defined – similar to the visual system – as a processing stream for space and motion. We have recently proposed that this dorsal pathway should be redefined in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of temporal sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce fixed sound sequences on a newly designed behavioral apparatus (“monkey piano”). By pressing a lever the monkey will produce a musical tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey will produce a melody. After a monkey has learned to reliably play the same melody, we will perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of auditory-responsive brain regions in the awake monkey while it listens to the learned self-generated sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to by listening to another monkey play for the same amount of time, and novel melodies that the monkey never heard before. Preliminary data suggest that areas activated by the self-generated melody include a region in inferior parietal cortex as well as one focus each in dorsal and ventral premotor cortex. The locations of activated regions will guide subsequent electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). Each recording site will be tested with the same sequences. Next we will record neuronal responses in premotor cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in inferior parietal and premotor cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide valuable information about the evolution of speech and music in humans. Our studies are highly relevant for higher–order processing disorders of audition and speech, such as dysarthria, apraxia of speech, aphasia and specific language disorders which involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of disorders of sensory-motor integration, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus, leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

项目摘要/摘要 两种皮质途径起源于听觉皮层的主要核心区域：腹侧途径下降 声音的识别和最初定义的背途径（类似于视觉系统） 处理流以进行空间和运动。我们最近提出，这种背途径应该是 从更广泛的意义上重新定义作为感觉运动集成和控制的处理流（Rauschecker，2011年）。 该更广泛的功能明确包括空间处理，但也扩展到临时处理 序列，包括在人类中讲话和音乐旋律。在这个项目中，我们将测试扩展的 通过训练恒河猴在新近产生固定的声音序列的听觉背流模型 设计的行为设备（“猴子钢琴”）。通过按下杠杆，猴子将产生一种音乐基调 特定的音高；通过连续按几个杠杆，猴子将产生旋律。猴子有 学会可靠地发挥相同的旋律，我们将执行功能性磁共振成像（fMRI） 听觉响应性的大脑区域在醒着猴子中听取了学习的自我生成的顺序。 控制刺激包括旋律，猴子通过听另一场猴子的戏剧而被动地接触 在相同的时间里，猴子从未听说过的新颖旋律。初步数据建议 自我生成的旋律激活的区域包括劣质皮层中的一个区域以及一个重点 每个在背侧和腹侧前皮层中。激活区域的位置将引导随后 用线性微电极阵列（LMA）进行电生理记录。每个录制网站将通过 相同的序列。接下来，我们将记录在前皮层中的神经元反应以被动聆听声音 序列并将它们与猴子主动产生序列产生的神经元活性进行比较 有和没有声音。最后，我们将添加猴子在猴子钢琴上演奏声音序列的视频 并使用fMRI和LMA研究沿背流的多感官相互作用。特别是在 将尾听觉带和对介排与较低的顶叶和前皮层的那些 同时记录。 我们使用接受过行为任务训练的警报猴子的研究将有助于理解统一 感觉系统之间的感知和认知原则及其与运动系统的相互作用。 在非人类灵长类动物中调查听觉背流将提供有关 人类言语和音乐的演变。我们的研究与高阶处理障碍高度相关 试镜和言语，例如构音障碍，语音失用，失语症和特定语言障碍 涉及感觉系统和运动系统之间的协调不足。结果也将改善我们的 理解感觉运动整合的疾病，例如共济，这可能是由中风或 因此，神经退行性疾病导致更好的疗法和康复策略。