Developmental Pathways of Violence and Substance Use in a High Risk Sample

高风险样本中暴力和药物使用的发展途径

基本信息

批准号：
9441736
负责人：
Rina D Eiden
金额：
$ 65.72万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-07-01 至 2020-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9441736
关键词：
Adolescence Adolescent Age Aggressive behavior Alcohol or Other Drugs use Arousal Behavioral Birth Caregivers Cause of Death Child Child Rearing Childhood Cocaine Cognitive Communities Conscience Crime Data Development Environment Etiology Expectancy Exposure to Family Fetal Cocaine Exposure Frustration Gender Gender Role Guide prevention Guns Health Homicide Individual Infant Longitudinal Studies Measures Mediating Mediation Mediator of activation protein Methods Modeling Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Mothers Motivation Neighborhoods Outcome Pathway interactions Pattern Perinatal Pharmaceutical Preparations Physiological Poverty Predictive Factor Prevention Preventive Intervention Process Public Health Regulation Reporting Research Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Factors Role Sampling School-Age Population Substance abuse problem System Temperament Time Toddler United States United States National Institutes of Health Victimization Violence Youth accomplished suicide adolescent alcohol exposure biological adaptation to stress bullying cognitive process deviant early adolescence early childhood ethnic diversity gang gender difference gun violence high risk infancy interest longitudinal design low socioeconomic status male middle childhood mortality parental monitoring peer person centered postnatal protective factors public health relevance recruit resilience response stress reactivity teacher violence exposure violence perpetration violence victimization weapons

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a multi-method, longitudinal study of the developmental pathways to violence/victimization and substance use (VVSU) as risks for gun violence, in a sample characterized by high pre and postnatal risks. Mother-infant dyads (n = 216) were originally recruited at birth for a study of developmental outcomes associated with prenatal cocaine exposure. The sample is well suited to examining developmental pathways to VVSU due to the accumulation of pre and postnatal risks and the focus on developmental mechanisms of interest using observational, physiological, maternal, child, and teacher report measures at critical time points beginning in infancy. The current application examines developmental pathways leading to weapon carrying, gang involvement, and co-occurring VVSU in later adolescence. A major focus of this application is on developmental mechanisms explaining this risk. One primary mechanism is through a reactive aggression pathway with pre and perinatal risks and exposure to violence predicting VVSU in later adolescence (15-17 years) via high physiological and behavioral reactivity and low regulation in response to frustration from infancy to school age; reactive aggression, cognitive processes such as hostile attribution bias and substance use norms, peer bullying and victimization, and low parental monitoring in early adolescence (12-14), and continuing harsh parenting from infancy to adolescence. A second mechanism is a proactive aggression pathway with early exposure to violence and temperamental fearlessness in infancy predicting VVSU in later adolescence via low conscience and non-normative aggressive trajectories in childhood; proactive aggression, positive outcome expectancies for aggression and substance abuse, peer deviance, low parental monitoring, and parental support for aggression in early adolescence, and exposure to harsh parenting from infancy to adolescence. The role of community risk factors (e.g., activity space, high crime neighborhoods) will be examined as potential predictors, mediators, or moderators of risk. Finally, exploratory analyses will focus on protective factors predicting resilience, reciprocal associations over time, and gender differences. Few studies have examined the etiology of co-occurring violence, victimization, and substance use using theoretically driven etiological models that include critical risk and protective factors from infancy to adolescence using a diverse, high risk sample and multiple methods focused on developmental mechanisms that may mediate or moderate outcomes. Understanding these mediating and moderating mechanisms of violence and substance use are critical to informing content and timing of preventive interventions. This high risk sample is also well suited to advance one major initiative of the National Institutes of Health: understanding the etiology of gun violence including underlying mechanisms of violence, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological determinants of violence, and risk and protective factors operating at multiple levels of analysis (individual, family, community).

描述（由适用提供）：这是对暴力/受害和物质使用的发育途径（VVSU）作为枪支暴力的风险的多方法，纵向研究，以高前和产后风险为特征的样本。最初在出生时招募母亲二元组（n = 216），以研究与产前可卡因相关的发育结果。该样品非常适合检查由于产前和产后风险的积累，并使用观察，物理，孕妇，儿童，儿童和教师报告在婴儿期开始的关键时间点的措施。当前的申请考试开发途径，导致武器携带，帮派参与以及后来的AdeDeCente的VVSU。该应用的主要重点是解释这种风险的发展机制。一种主要机制是通过具有前和围产期风险的反应性攻击途径，并通过高生理和行为反应性高预测VVSU（15-17岁）的暴力行为，而对响应挫败感的调节低则是对挫败感的低调。婴儿期至学龄；反应性侵略性的认知过程，例如敌对属性偏见和物质使用规范，同伴欺凌和胜利，以及青春期早期（12-14）的父母监测低，以及从婴儿期到青少年的持续谐波育儿。第二种机制是一种主动的积极途径，婴儿期在婴儿期的早期暴露和温度无所畏惧地通过低良心和非正态分子预测VVSU。童年时期的进取轨迹；积极进取的积极，积极的预期者对侵略性和药物滥用，同伴偏差，父母的监测低以及对青少年早期积极进取的父母支持，以及从婴儿期到青少年的造成育儿的暴露。社区风险因素（例如，活动空间，高犯罪社区）的作用将被视为潜在的预测因素，调解人或风险的主持人。最后，探索性分析将集中于预测弹性，互惠关联以及性别差异的受保护因素。很少有研究研究使用理论上驱动的病因模型，其中包括关键风险和从婴儿期到青少年的受保护因素，使用多样性，较高风险样本和多种方法着重于开发可能介导或中度结果的机制。了解这些暴力和药物使用的中介和调节机制对于告知内容和预防性干预的时间至关重要。这个高风险样本也非常适合推进国家卫生研究院的一项主要倡议：了解枪支暴力的病因，包括潜在的暴力，认知，行为和生理决定者的暴力行为，风险和保护性因素在多个分析水平（个人，家庭，社区，社区）上运行的风险和保护因素。