Effects of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes on offspring health

母亲肥胖和妊娠糖尿病对后代健康的影响

• 批准号: 7752837
• 负责人: Paula Catherine Chandler-Laney
• 金额: $ 5.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-01 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7752837
• 关键词: 8 year old; Adverse effects; African; African American; American; Area; Attenuated; Authorization documentation; Body Composition; Body fat; Boxing; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Clinical Research; Communities; Comorbidity; Diabetic intrauterine environment; Diet; Dietary intake; Dyslipidemias; Eating; Enrollment; Ensure; Environment; Epigenetic Process; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female of child bearing age; Genotype; Gestational Diabetes; Health; High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; High Prevalence; Home environment; Hormones; Hour; Hypertriglyceridemia; Inpatients; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intake; Interleukin-6; LDL Cholesterol Lipoproteins; Lipids; Measures; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Mothers; Nutritional; Obesity; Overweight; Parents; Physical activity; Population; Pregnancy; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Risk; Satiation; Testing; United States; Visit; Weight; Woman; blood glucose regulation; blood lipid; cytokine; diabetes risk; disorder risk; environmental intervention; feeding; ghrelin; glucagon-like peptide 1; glucose tolerance; high risk; in utero; insulin secretion; insulin sensitivity; offspring; prenatal exposure; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over half of all women of child-bearing age are overweight or obese, and maternal obesity increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is found in 2-5% of pregnancies in the United States. Children born from pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and/or GDM are at increased risk themselves for chronic obesity and metabolic health problems such as insulin resistance. African American (AA) children are at particular risk given the high prevalence of obesity among AA women (70% of AA women of child-bearing age are overweight or obese), and the comorbidity between obesity and GDM. The intrauterine environment provides a mechanism through which obesity and diabetes risk may be transmitted from mother to child. The proposed research aims to investigate the independent and interactive effects of maternal obesity and of GDM on the body composition and metabolic health of AA children. We hypothesize that children exposed to an obesogenic and/or diabetic intrauterine environment will have more body fat, greater insulin secretion and lower insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, increased cytokine levels, and reduced satiety hormone levels. We will recruit AA women for whom information is available regarding their glucose tolerance during pregnancy, and seek permission to enroll their 5-8 year-old children in our study. Children will be grouped according to their mothers' weight (obese vs. normal weight) and GDM (GDM or non-GDM) status during pregnancy. During an inpatient clinical research center visit to ensure controlled food intake conditions, children's body composition will be assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), their blood lipid, cytokine, and satiety hormone profiles will be obtained, and their insulin sensitivity, secretion and clearance assessed via a mixed-meal tolerance test. In addition, we will measure children's physical activity via accelerometers, and their dietary intake via three 24-hour recalls, to determine whether any between group differences in these variables contribute to differences in body composition and metabolic health. By gaining an understanding of the independent and interactive effects of maternal obesity and of GDM on pediatric health, we can better identify the population at greatest risk for chronic health problems before they develop, and may be able to elucidate mechanisms to overcome the adverse effects of prenatal exposure to obesity and/or GDM. Relevance: Ultimately, this and subsequent related research will yield information regarding the manner in which obesity and diabetes risk are transmitted, and will identify nutritional and environmental interventions to inhibit the epigenetic transmission of obesity and metabolic disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：超过一半的育龄妇女超重或肥胖，孕产妇肥胖会增加患妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的风险，这在美国2-5％的怀孕中发现。孕产妇肥胖和/或GDM复杂的怀孕儿童对慢性肥胖和代谢健康问题（例如胰岛素抵抗）的风险增加。鉴于AA妇女的肥胖症患病率很高（70％的AA育龄妇女超重或肥胖），并且肥胖和GDM之间的合并症。宫内环境提供了一种机制，肥胖和糖尿病风险可能会从母亲传播到孩子。拟议的研究旨在研究母体肥胖和GDM对AA儿童身体成分和代谢健康的独立和互动作用。我们假设暴露于肥胖和/或糖尿病内环境中的儿童将具有更多的体内脂肪，更大的胰岛素分泌和较低的胰岛素敏感性，血脂异常，细胞因子水平升高以及饱腹感激素水平降低。我们将招募AA妇女，以获取有关怀孕期间葡萄糖耐受性的信息，并寻求允许将其5-8岁的儿童入学。儿童将根据母亲的体重（肥胖与正常体重）和GDM（GDM或非GDM）状态分组。在住院临床研究中心的访问中，以确保食物摄入量的控制状况，将通过双能量X射线吸收测定法（DXA）评估儿童的身体成分，他们的血脂，细胞因子和饱腹激素概况将获得，并通过胰岛素敏感性，分泌和清除来评估杂质测试。此外，我们将通过加速度计测量儿童的体育锻炼，并通过三个24小时召回来测量他们的饮食摄入量，以确定这些变量的组差异之间是否有任何差异有助于身体成分和代谢健康的差异。通过了解孕产妇肥胖和GDM对小儿健康的独立和互动效应，我们可以更好地识别出在慢性健康问题发展之前最大风险的人群，并且可能能够阐明机制以克服产前暴露于肥胖和/或GDM的不良影响。 相关性：最终，这项和随后的相关研究将产生有关肥胖和糖尿病风险传播方式的信息，并将确定营养和环境干预措施以抑制肥胖和代谢疾病的表观遗传传播。