Stress, Self-Regulation and Psychopathology in Middle Childhood

童年中期的压力、自我调节和精神病理学

基本信息

批准号：
8888711
负责人：
Clancy B Blair
金额：
$ 120.2万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-04-15 至 2020-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8888711
关键词：
8 year old Accounting Achievement Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Affect African American Age Alcohol or Other Drugs use Behavior Behavioral Biological Birth Characteristics Child Childhood Cognitive Cohort Studies Communities Complex Data Data Collection Data Set Development Disadvantaged Ethnic Origin Exposure to Failure Family Funding High Prevalence Home environment Home visitation House Call Hydrocortisone Informal Social Control Intervention Lead Life Long-Term Effects Longevity Low income Measures Mediating Mental Health Mental disorders Modeling National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neighborhoods Neurocognitive New Zealand Outcome Pattern Persons Phase Physiological Physiology Play Poverty Prevention Psychopathology Recruitment Activity Relative (related person)Research Resources Rewards Risk Risk-Taking Role Rural Rural Community Salivary Sampling Schools Skin Social Environment Social isolation Source Stress Support System Testing Time Variant Visit Youth adverse outcome alpha-amylase biological adaptation to stress contextual factors deviant early adolescence early childhood early onset substance use eighth grade emotion regulation executive function experience follow-up health economics high risk innovation interest longitudinal design model development peer peer influence population based positive youth development programs prospective psychobiologic public health relevance reduced substance use response seventh grade sixth grade

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early adolescence represents a key transition period in development yet little is known, particularly for children in rural poverty, about the ways in which trajectories established in early childhood support or constrain the development of self-regulation with implications for key outcomes. Accordingly, we propose to continue to follow a population-based predominantly low-income longitudinal sample known as the Family Life Project (N=1292 oversampled for African American ethnicity and poverty). Extensive child, family, home, and school data were collected through two rounds of funding as an NICHD program project with 11% attrition. Data collection beginning at child age 2mos through age 8yrs occurred in 10 home visits, 5 childcare visits, and 8 school visits. In this follow-up, we continue to focus on child self-regulation and stress response physiology, as well as family, peer, school, and neighborhood contexts measured in the first two phases. Data will be collected in 1 home visit (7th grade) and 2 school visits (6th & 8th grades.) We will test specific hypotheses about the influence of the timing and chronicity of poverty-related adversity in families on the development of stress response physiology and self-regulation from early childhood through early adolescence. Most importantly, we will test hypotheses about the ways in which peer, school, and neighborhood contexts increase or decrease risk for key outcomes, including mental health, substance use, and school achievement. Primary innovation in this phase concerns our ability to test key questions about the malleability of self-regulation development and the role of emerging sensitivity to reward and delay in risk taking behavior in early adolescence. We hypothesize that alterations to the stress response and accompanying self-regulation difficulties will be most severe and most likely to lead to poor outcomes for children facing sustained high levels of poverty-related adversity; however, we also hypothesize that this influence will be moderated by the quality of peer relations, as well as school, and community characteristics. Specifically, for children facing sustained adversity, higher quality peer relatios (taking into account potential bidirectional relations between self-regulation and peer quality, including social isolation and affiliation with deviant peers), higher levels of school quality, an higher levels of neighborhood quality will each be associated with improvements in stress responsivity and in self- regulation abilities, and thereby higher achievement, reduced substance use, and better mental health. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind to test complex longitudinal relations among adversity, stress response physiology, self-regulation, and key outcomes across multiple geographically and economically defined social contexts in a population-based sample. By testing the malleability of development using a psychobiological model, the proposed research will have clear implications for prevention efforts and efforts to promote positive youth development.

描述（由应用程序提供）：早期的青少年代表了发展中的关键过渡时期，但鲜为人知，特别是对于农村贫困的儿童，关于在幼儿支持中建立的轨迹或限制自我调节的方式具有对关键脱离的影响的方式。根据，我们建议继续遵循以人群为主的低收入纵向样本，称为家庭生活项目（n = 1292对非裔美国人的种族和贫困过采样）。广泛的儿童，家庭，家庭和学校数据是通过两轮资金作为NICHD计划项目收集的，损耗了11％。从2月至8岁的儿童开始的数据收集发生在10次家庭访问，5次育儿访问和8次学校访问中。在此后续行动中，我们继续专注于儿童自我调节和压力反应生理学以及在前两个阶段所测量的家庭，同伴，学校和邻里环境。数据将在1个家庭访问（7年级）和2次学校就诊（6年级和8年级）中收集。我们将检验有关家庭对家庭对压力反应生理的时间和贫困相关广告的影响的影响和慢性病的影响，从童年到早期青少年开始的自我调节。最重要的是，我们将对同龄，学校和邻里环境的方式增加或降低关键结果的风险，包括心理健康，药物使用和学校成就的方式进行检验。在这一阶段的主要创新涉及我们测试有关自我调节发展的锻造性以及新兴敏感性对奖励和延迟风险在青少年早期采取行为延迟的作用的关键问题的能力。我们假设改变压力反应和参与自我调节难度的改变将是最严重的，并且最有可能导致面临持续持续较高贫困相关的广告的儿童的结果；但是，我们还假设，同伴关系，学校和社区特征的质量将对这种影响进行调节。具体而言，对于面对持续广告，更高质量的同伴关系的儿童（考虑到自我调节和同伴质量之间的潜在双向关系，包括社交隔离和与异常同伴的附属关系），更高的学校质量，更高的邻里质量将与压力响应能力和自我监管能力的提高以及更高的能力相关，以及更高的能力，以及较高的材料使用，以及更好的身体健康，以及更好的心理健康。据我们所知，这是对广告，压力反应生理，自我调节以及在基于人群的样本中多个地理和经济定义的社会环境之间进行广告，压力反应生理，自我调节和关键结果之间复杂纵向关系的第一个研究。通过使用心理生物学模型测试发展的延展性，拟议的研究将对预防努力和促进积极的青年发展的努力具有明显的影响。