OPTICAL AND NEURAL CHANGES IN THE AGING VISUAL SYSTEM

老化视觉系统中的光学和神经变化

• 批准号: 7575156
• 负责人: JOHN S WERNER
• 金额: $ 29.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-09-29 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7575156
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Age; Aging; Amino Acid Sequence; Appearance; Area; Blindness; California; Cataract Extraction; Cell Count; Cells; Color; Color Visions; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Elderly; Face; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Goals; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Japan; Laboratories; Link; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Medical center; Modeling; Names; Noise; Optics; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Performance; Pigments; Postdoctoral Fellow; Principal Investigator; Printing; Process; Property; Psychophysiology; Relative (related person); Research; Research Project Grants; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Diseases; Role; Site; Source; Staging; Technology; Testing; Universities; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Wisconsin; Wit; Work; age related; color constancy; density; design; ganglion cell; interest; macula; medical schools; neuromechanism; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinal rods; senescence; sex; transmission process

Senescent eharjges to human visionhave beenwell documented, butthe factorsresponsible for these changesareonly partially understood, Theproposed research is intended to provide fundamental data on aging of the human visual systehl usfrig pftychophystaalmethods that separatethe relative contributions of optical and neural mechanisms. Because imicholthe sensitivity loss of cone pathwaysoccursat early stages of processing, wewillexamine age-related kissesin cone photoplgmenlopticaldensity in thecentral 10¿of retina for normal andsex-linked dichromats whosegenes havebeen sequanced to look for genetic correlates of photopfgment optical density andreceptor longevity," It is hypothesized that senescent changes in conephotopigment density will notbeuniform with retinal eccentricity, and the outcome of triteexperiment witt be important for theoretical and practical reasons.A secondaimof the proposed researchteto quantify senescent changes in the temporal properties of isolated color mechanisms through measurements of the temporal contrast sensitivity function and the impulse responsefunction. Thethird aimis to determine senescent changes Inspatial properties of isolated color mechanisms through measurementsof thearea of complete spatial summation (Rteoo'aarea). Age-relatedchanges in spatial summation are predicted basedonour previous work,and documented tossesof retinal ganglioncells with age, but wedo not knowwhetherthis will befound in all color pathways,the fourthaimis atsoconcernedwith spatial properties erfrodandcone pathways,butwill measure spatiallcontrast sensitivity functions for isolated mechanisms. Thefinal aim is basedon our previouswork showing thai, at¿ perceptual level, the visual systememploys mechanisms that compensate, in part, for lossesin sensitivity attowierlevels. Color appearance mechanisms will beprobed by measurementsof age-relatedchanges in chromatic perceptive fieldsoverareas of retina associated wit) different relative tosses of cones andganglion cells. Sensitivity of isojateo* cone mechanisms and color appearance wffl be measuredfor individuals beforeand aftercataract extraction andimplantation of intnvocular lenses.Theseexperiments will provide newinformation on mechanisms that promote color constancy deapttesubstantialvariations inthe retinalimage dueto lenticular senescence. Each ofthese aims willincWdeidetailed tests of individualyounger andolder observers, and measurements on selected conditions with a large groupof individuate rangingin agefromapproximately 12to 85years. In addition to providing basic dataon the aging visualsystem, the experiments will provide probesfor models of howthe visual system adaptsand compensates fof degradations in the optical and neural images that occurwith senescence anddisease. PERFORMANCE Slti(8) forpanfeatfoa <%, fluff) University of California, Davis Medical Center Department of Qphthaimotoov 4860 YStreet. Suite 2400 Sacramento, CA 95817 Name :':; ;' '¿'.]'.'.' Werner, John Sfeon Knau,HolgerK, SchefrJn, BrooJceiE. Handel, James Ti Morse, Uwrence Neitz, Maureen Shinomori, Keizo onPage11. Vmcontinuation pagesu itMdMtoprovidetherequiredinformation intheformat shownbelow. Organization Role on Project UC-Davis Medical Center Principal Investigator DC-Davis Medical Center Research Associate UC-Davis Medical Center Research Associate UC-Davis Medical Center Collaborator/Consultant UC-Davis MedicalCenter Collaborator/Consultant Medical College of Wisconsin Collaborator Medical College ofWisconsin Collaborator Kochi University of Technology, Japan Collaborator PHS338 (Rev. 4/98) Pag* 2 BB Number fMJQSstameua^itf atMebottom ttwougroiftth¿Bppllo¿9on.DonauMsuHl)MS¿uchM3¿,3b. cc Prindpal InvBsttQfttof/Prooram Director (Last, tint. mticHo):. Wemer, John Simon iframeof th* principal investigator/programdirector at the top of each printed pageandeachcontinuation page. (Fortype specifications, see ¿on page6.) RESEARCH GRANT TABLE OF CONTENTS ¿ . i PageNumbers Face Page .,4 1 Description,

对人类视觉的衰老eharjges已得到充分记录，但是这些变化的因素受到重视 据部分理解，该计划的研究旨在提供有关人类衰老的基本数据 Systehl Usfrig pftychophystaalmethods分离光学和神经机制的相对贡献。 因为对锥体途径的敏感性丧失了加工的早期阶段，所以韦维尔果仁胺 与年龄相关的亲吻锥锥光圆锥光度的光谱密度在视网膜的thecentral thectrationds中，适用于正常的和共连接的二十一章 Whosesenes已被顺序寻找光源光密度和受体的遗传相关性 寿命，“假设构造启动密度的感觉变化不会与残留 出于理论和实用的原因 拟议的ResearchTeto量化了分离颜色机制的临时特性的感觉变化 通过测量临时对比度灵敏度函数和脉冲响应函数。三十个目标 确定通过thearea测量的孤立颜色机制的感官变化 完整的空间总和（rteoo'aarea）。预测基于年龄相关的空间总和变化基于 以前的工作，并记录了随着年龄的增长的常规神经节派的记录，但韦多不知道这是否会之前 在所有颜色途径中，与空间特性ErfrodandCone通路，Butwill 测量孤立机制的时空对比度敏感性函数。最终目标是我们以前的工作 在感知层面上显示泰语，视觉系统雇用机制部分补偿了损失 灵敏度adtowierlevels。颜色外观机制将通过年龄相关的量子 视网膜相关机智的镀铬感知性田间摄影）的锥形和甘特利翁细胞的不同相对抛弃。 在猫咪之前和后果 提取和植入式透镜。该exexperiments将为机制提供新的信息 在视网膜图二重奏感应中促进颜色常数deaptttesibstantialvariations。以下每个 AIMS WillIncwDeidEteTailed tared the and Younger Andolder观察者的测试，并在选定条件上进行测量 大量的单个范围范围从范围为12至85年。除了提供基本数据 老化的视觉系统，实验将提供有关视觉系统如何适应的模型的探针 补偿感受和疾病发生的光学和神经图像中的FOF降解。 性能SLTI（8）forpanfeatfoa <％，绒毛） 加利福尼亚大学戴维斯医学中心 Qphthaimotoov系 4860 Ystreet。套房2400 萨克拉曼多，加利福尼亚州95817 姓名 ：'：; ;' '。]。'。'。'。 沃纳（John Sfeon） Knau，Holgerk， Schefrjn，Broojceie。 汉德尔，詹姆斯·蒂 莫尔斯，Uwrence Neitz，莫琳 Shinomori，Keizo ONPAGE11。 vmcontinature pagesu itmdmtoprovidEtherequiredInformation intheformat显示出来。 组织角色 UC-DAVIS医疗中心首席研究员 DC-DAVIS医疗中心研究助理 UC-DAVIS医疗中心研究助理 UC-DAVIS医疗中心合作者/顾问 UC-Davis MedicalCenter合作者/顾问 威斯康星医学院合作者 威斯康星医学院合作者 高知工艺大学，日本合作者 PHS338（Rev. 4/98）PAG* 2 BB 数字fmjqsstameua^itf atmebottomttwoogroftth¿bppllo¿9on.donaumsuhl）ms¿uchm3¿，3b。 CC Prindpal Invbsttqfttof/prooram总监（最后，Mticho）:。威默，约翰·西蒙 每个印刷PageandeachContinature页面顶部的主要研究人员/程序导演。 （Fortype规格，请参阅 在第6页上。） 研究赠款 目录 �我弹奏者 面页。，4 1 描述，