OPTICAL AND NEURAL CHANGES IN THE AGING VISUAL SYSTEM

老化视觉系统中的光学和神经变化

• 批准号: 7575156
• 负责人: JOHN S WERNER
• 金额: $ 29.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-09-29 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7575156
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Age; Aging; Amino Acid Sequence; Appearance; Area; Blindness; California; Cataract Extraction; Cell Count; Cells; Color; Color Visions; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Elderly; Face; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Goals; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Japan; Laboratories; Link; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Medical center; Modeling; Names; Noise; Optics; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Performance; Pigments; Postdoctoral Fellow; Principal Investigator; Printing; Process; Property; Psychophysiology; Relative (related person); Research; Research Project Grants; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Retinal Diseases; Role; Site; Source; Staging; Technology; Testing; Universities; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Wisconsin; Wit; Work; age related; color constancy; density; design; ganglion cell; interest; macula; medical schools; neuromechanism; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinal rods; senescence; sex; transmission process

Senescent eharjges to human visionhave beenwell documented, butthe factorsresponsible for these changesareonly partially understood, Theproposed research is intended to provide fundamental data on aging of the human visual systehl usfrig pftychophystaalmethods that separatethe relative contributions of optical and neural mechanisms. Because imicholthe sensitivity loss of cone pathwaysoccursat early stages of processing, wewillexamine age-related kissesin cone photoplgmenlopticaldensity in thecentral 10¿of retina for normal andsex-linked dichromats whosegenes havebeen sequanced to look for genetic correlates of photopfgment optical density andreceptor longevity," It is hypothesized that senescent changes in conephotopigment density will notbeuniform with retinal eccentricity, and the outcome of triteexperiment witt be important for theoretical and practical reasons.A secondaimof the proposed researchteto quantify senescent changes in the temporal properties of isolated color mechanisms through measurements of the temporal contrast sensitivity function and the impulse responsefunction. Thethird aimis to determine senescent changes Inspatial properties of isolated color mechanisms through measurementsof thearea of complete spatial summation (Rteoo'aarea). Age-relatedchanges in spatial summation are predicted basedonour previous work,and documented tossesof retinal ganglioncells with age, but wedo not knowwhetherthis will befound in all color pathways,the fourthaimis atsoconcernedwith spatial properties erfrodandcone pathways,butwill measure spatiallcontrast sensitivity functions for isolated mechanisms. Thefinal aim is basedon our previouswork showing thai, at¿ perceptual level, the visual systememploys mechanisms that compensate, in part, for lossesin sensitivity attowierlevels. Color appearance mechanisms will beprobed by measurementsof age-relatedchanges in chromatic perceptive fieldsoverareas of retina associated wit) different relative tosses of cones andganglion cells. Sensitivity of isojateo* cone mechanisms and color appearance wffl be measuredfor individuals beforeand aftercataract extraction andimplantation of intnvocular lenses.Theseexperiments will provide newinformation on mechanisms that promote color constancy deapttesubstantialvariations inthe retinalimage dueto lenticular senescence. Each ofthese aims willincWdeidetailed tests of individualyounger andolder observers, and measurements on selected conditions with a large groupof individuate rangingin agefromapproximately 12to 85years. In addition to providing basic dataon the aging visualsystem, the experiments will provide probesfor models of howthe visual system adaptsand compensates fof degradations in the optical and neural images that occurwith senescence anddisease. PERFORMANCE Slti(8) forpanfeatfoa <%, fluff) University of California, Davis Medical Center Department of Qphthaimotoov 4860 YStreet. Suite 2400 Sacramento, CA 95817 Name :':; ;' '¿'.]'.'.' Werner, John Sfeon Knau,HolgerK, SchefrJn, BrooJceiE. Handel, James Ti Morse, Uwrence Neitz, Maureen Shinomori, Keizo onPage11. Vmcontinuation pagesu itMdMtoprovidetherequiredinformation intheformat shownbelow. Organization Role on Project UC-Davis Medical Center Principal Investigator DC-Davis Medical Center Research Associate UC-Davis Medical Center Research Associate UC-Davis Medical Center Collaborator/Consultant UC-Davis MedicalCenter Collaborator/Consultant Medical College of Wisconsin Collaborator Medical College ofWisconsin Collaborator Kochi University of Technology, Japan Collaborator PHS338 (Rev. 4/98) Pag* 2 BB Number fMJQSstameua^itf atMebottom ttwougroiftth¿Bppllo¿9on.DonauMsuHl)MS¿uchM3¿,3b. cc Prindpal InvBsttQfttof/Prooram Director (Last, tint. mticHo):. Wemer, John Simon iframeof th* principal investigator/programdirector at the top of each printed pageandeachcontinuation page. (Fortype specifications, see ¿on page6.) RESEARCH GRANT TABLE OF CONTENTS ¿ . i PageNumbers Face Page .,4 1 Description,

人类视力的衰老现象已得到充分记录，但造成这些变化的因素仅是 部分理解，拟议的研究旨在提供有关人类视觉老化的基本数据 systehl usfrig pftychophystaal 方法将光学和神经机制的相对贡献分开。 由于咪唑啉锥体通路的敏感性损失发生在处理的早期阶段，我们将检查 与年龄相关的吻锥体光密度在中央 10¿正常和伴性二色视者的视网膜 其基因已被测序，以寻找光色素光密度和受体的遗传相关性 长寿”，人们重新认识到锥光色素密度的衰老变化不会与视网膜一致 偏心率和陈旧实验的结果对于理论和实践都很重要。第二个目标 拟议的研究量化孤立颜色机制的时间特性的衰老变化 通过测量时间对比敏感度函数和脉冲响应函数。 通过测量面积来确定孤立颜色机制的衰老变化的空间特性 完整的空间总和（Rteoo'aarea）的空间总和中与年龄相关的变化是基于我们预测的。 之前的工作，记录了视网膜神经节细胞随年龄的变化，但我们不知道这是否会被发现 在所有颜色路径中，第四个目标与空间属性 erfrodandcone 路径有关，但将 测量孤立机构的空间对比敏感度函数最终目标基于我们之前的工作。 显示泰语，在¿在知觉层面，视觉系统采用的机制可以部分补偿视觉损失 更高水平的敏感性将通过测量与年龄相关的变化来探测。 视网膜相关区域的色彩感知场）视锥细胞和神经节细胞的不同相对抛动。 测量白内障前后个体的 isojateo* 视锥细胞机制和颜色外观的敏感性 摘除和植入人工晶状体。这些实验将提供有关机制的新信息 促进由于晶状体衰老而引起的视网膜图像的颜色恒定性的显着变化。 目标将对年轻和年长的观察者进行详细的测试，并在选定的条件下进行测量 除了提供基本数据外，还有一大群年龄从大约 12 岁到 85 岁的个体。 对于老化的视觉系统，这些实验将为视觉系统如何适应和适应的模型提供探针 补偿因衰老和疾病而发生的光学和神经图像的退化。 性能 Slti(8) for panfeatfoa <%, 绒毛) 加州大学戴维斯分校医学中心 古泰莫托夫系 Y 街 4860 号套房 2400 萨克拉门托, CA 95817 姓名 ：'：; ;' ' '.]'.'.' 约翰·斯芬·维尔纳 诺，霍尔格K， 谢弗林，布罗杰西。 亨德尔、詹姆斯·蒂 乌伦斯莫尔斯 莫琳·内茨 筱森惠三 在第 11 页上，MdM 继续页面以如下所示的格式提供所需信息。 组织在项目中的角色 加州大学戴维斯分校医学中心首席研究员 DC-戴维斯医学中心研究员 加州大学戴维斯分校医学中心研究员 加州大学戴维斯分校医学中心合作者/顾问 加州大学戴维斯分校医学中心合作者/顾问 威斯康星医学院合作者 威斯康星医学院合作者 日本高知工业大学 合作者 PHS338（修订版 4/98）页* 2 BB 编号 fMJQSstameua^itf atMebottom ttwougroiftth¿ Bpplo¿ 9on.DonauMsuHl)MS¿ uchM3¿ ,3b。 抄送 Prindpal InvBsttQfttof/Prooram 总监（最后，色调。mticHo）：Wemer，John Simon 首席研究员/项目主管的 iframe 位于每个打印页和每个续页的顶部（有关类型规范，请参阅。 ¿在第 6 页。） 研究资助 目录 ¿我的页码 正面页.,4 1 描述，