Posture and Orientation in Older Adults and Post-Stroke

老年人和中风后的姿势和方向

• 批准号: 7670243
• 负责人: Emily A Keshner
• 金额: $ 28.66万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7670243
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Afferent Pathways; Age; Aging; Animals; Behavior; Biomechanics; Brain; Characteristics; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Coupled; Dependence; Disease; Elderly; Electromyography; Environment; Feedback; Frequencies; Goals; Head; Human; Impairment; Individual; Laboratories; Left; Lesion; Locomotion; Measures; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Motion; Muscle; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Positioning Attribute; Postural response; Posture; Principal Component Analysis; Probability; Process; Property; Reliance; Research; Research Personnel; Sensory; Sensory Thresholds; Side; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Stimulus; Stroke; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Translations; Vestibular loss; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual Motion; Weight; Work; age effect; body mechanics; design; falls; kinematics; novel; older patient; optic flow; post stroke; pressure; programs; relating to nervous system; response; retinal rods; somatosensory; virtual; visual information; visual-vestibular; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this research is to determine how conflicting visual and self-motion information modulates the responses of the postural control system in elderly adults and in individuals post-stroke. When visual field information does not match self-motion feedback, healthy elderly respond to combined visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive signals differently than young adults. Young adults incorporate frequency components of all inputs into their responses; elderly adults rely primarily on vision. We hypothesize that elderly adults and individuals post-stroke have increased sensory thresholds to complex multimodal stimuli which produces a greater reliance on predictive or on visual inputs making it more difficult for them to selectively respond to visual and physical destabilization. By combining the technology of a virtual environment with support surface translations we plan to manipulate the influence of visual inputs, somatosensory (i.e., proprioceptive and vestibular) inputs, and prediction to reveal the contribution of segmental inputs and higher order processing to the postural response. We plan to compare healthy young and elderly individuals with young and elderly individuals post-stroke in order to distinguish between the effects of age and CNS impairment. We will first explore whether subjects change their responses to particular sensory modalities over time. Then the head and trunk will be aligned in different positions with respect to visual and support surface motion to reveal how altering sensory and biomechanical orientations affects the response to visual motion signals. Lastly, we will examine how predictable and random visual inputs influence the response to random support surface inputs. Visual field dependence will be measured with a Rod and Frame test. We will employ novel methods of Principal Component Analysis and autoregressive modeling to distinguish between body mechanics and specified neural processes. These analyses should reveal how the selection of control pathways is determined by the task as well as further define response properties of the afferent pathways. Segmental and muscle response strategies will be examined through kinematic measures including center of pressure, center of mass displacement, and electromyography, and tested for significance with a MANOVA. Clarifying the relation between visual inputs and postural stabilization will identify functional situations that present a high probability for instability and falling. Results from the proposed studies can potentially be used for developing individually designed programs of therapeutic intervention.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的总体目标是确定矛盾的视觉和自我运动信息如何调节老年人和中风后的老年人和个人中姿势控制系统的反应。当视野信息与自我运动反馈不符时，健康的老年人对视觉，前庭和本体感受信号的响应与年轻人不同。年轻人将所有输入的频率组成部分纳入其反应中；老年人主要依靠视力。我们假设中风后老年人和个体对复杂的多模式刺激具有增加的感觉阈值，从而更加依赖预测性或视觉输入，从而使他们更难选择性地响应视觉和物理不稳定。通过将虚拟环境的技术与支撑表面翻译相结合，我们计划操纵视觉投入，体感（即主体感受和前庭）输入的影响，并预测揭示分段输入以及更高级别处理对姿势反应的贡献。我们计划比较中风后健康和老年人的健康年轻人和老年人，以区分年龄和中枢神经系统障碍的影响。我们将首先探讨受试者是否会随着时间的推移改变他们对特定感官方式的反应。然后，相对于视觉和支撑表面运动，头部和躯干将在不同的位置排列，以揭示变化的感觉和生物力学方向如何影响对视觉运动信号的响应。最后，我们将研究可预测和随机的视觉输入如何影响对随机支撑表面输入的响应。视野依赖性将通过杆和框架测试测量。我们将采用新颖的主成分分析和自回归建模方法来区分身体力学和指定的神经过程。这些分析应揭示控制途径的选择如何取决于任务，并进一步定义传入途径的响应特性。将通过运动措施进行节段性和肌肉反应策略，包括压力中心，质量位移和肌电图，并测试了MANOVA的显着性。阐明视觉输入与姿势稳定之间的关系将确定功能情况，这表现出不稳定性和下降的可能性。拟议研究的结果可能可能用于制定单独设计的治疗干预计划。