Smartphone Help for DWI Offenders and Their Families: A B-SMART App

为酒驾罪犯及其家人提供智能手机帮助：B-SMART 应用程序

• 批准号: 8715345
• 负责人: W GILL WOODALL
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: KLEIN BUENDEL, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8715345
• 关键词: Abstinence; Accounting; Adopted; Adoption; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Automobiles; Awareness; Behavior; Beverages; Case Manager; Communication; Communities; Coping Skills; Couples Therapy; Data; Development; Devices; Diffusion; Driving While Intoxicated; Drunk driving; Economics; Educational process of instructing; Family; Family member; Focus Groups; Future; Geographic state; Government; Group Interviews; Health; Hour; Incentives; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Laws; Learning; Licensing; Maintenance; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor Vehicles; Multimedia; Outcomes Research; Patients; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phase; Prevention; Professional counselor; Public Health; Randomized; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk; Services; Social Environment; Social Network; Source; Techniques; Technology; Telephone; Testing; Therapeutic community technique; Time; Training; Translating; Treatment outcome; United States; alcohol abuse therapy; alcohol use disorder; base; behavior change; convict; coping; density; drinking; drinking behavior; driving behavior; efficacy trial; health economics; ignition interlock device; improved; killings; mortality; offender; programs; prototype; public health relevance; recidivism; skills; sobriety; social; therapy design; tool; trafficking; treatment adherence; usability

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving while intoxicated (DWI) remains a substantial and preventable source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. A variety of sanctions and interventions have been attempted to reduce DWI in the U.S., including enhanced DWI enforcement efforts, stricter drunk driving laws, responsible alcohol beverage service training, and alcohol treatment. The Ignition Interlock Device (IID), which requires a driver to blow into a breathalyzer unit installed in an automobile to establish sobriety, reduces drunk driving while installed. The use of IIDs has become widespread: most states in the U.S. now require convicted drunk drivers to install an IID in their cars upon some form of conviction. However, research has conclusively shown that once the IIDs are removed from DWI offenders' cars, DWI recidivism levels return to those comparable to offenders who did not have an IID installed. This indicates that IIDs are effective as long as they are installed, but do not provide any effect beyond the installation period. IIDs do, however, effectively provide a cessation of drunk driving while installed. Proposed here is the systematic development (in Phase I) and randomized efficacy trial of (in Phase II) an intervention designed to extend the drunken driving cessation initially provided by an IID. B-SMART will be a smartphone app that will involve the Concerned Family Member (CFM) of DWI offenders by providing coping skills, communication skills, and strategies to help avoid DWI. Unique to this intervention are the involvement of family members in supporting the DWI offender to not drink and drive, and the use of smartphone technology to make that support immediate, accessible, and diffusible. The content of the intervention will be based on empirically validated couples therapy for those with Alcohol Use Disorders developed by co-Investigator McCrady, translated to a smartphone platform. Phase I of this project will involve the systematic and iterative development of B-SMART, employing: 1) an Expert Advisory Board, 2) a Community Advisory Board, and 3) iterative development, multimedia, and usability focus groups and interviews comprised of CFM and DWI offenders. Specific milestones and deliverables for B-SMART are projected for Phase I. A future Phase II of the project will involve the completion of B-SMART, and a randomized efficacy trial of B-SMART that examines its impact on a variety of alcohol-related dependent variables, including DWI re-arrest. Should B-SMART be demonstrated to impact DWI and DWI re-arrest, government, community, and therapeutic entities, along with families of DWI offenders, will have an important and accessible tool to further reduce the social, health and economic consequences of DWI.

描述（由申请人提供）：醉酒驾驶 (DWI) 仍然是美国发病率和死亡率的一个重要且可预防的来源。美国已尝试采取各种制裁和干预措施来减少酒后驾车，包括加强酒后驾车执法力度、更严格的醉酒驾驶法、负责任的酒精饮料服务培训和酒精治疗。点火联锁装置（IID）要求驾驶员向安装在汽车上的呼气分析仪吹气以保持清醒，安装后可减少酒后驾驶。 IID 的使用已变得广泛：美国大多数州现在要求被定罪的醉酒司机在某种形式的定罪后在其汽车中安装 IID。然而，研究结论表明，一旦酒驾罪犯的车上移除了 IID，酒后驾车累犯率就会恢复到与未安装 IID 的罪犯相当的水平。这表明IID只要安装就有效，但安装期过后不再产生任何作用。然而，IID 在安装后确实可以有效地制止酒后驾驶。这里提出的是一项干预措施的系统开发（第一阶段）和随机有效性试验（第二阶段），该干预措施旨在延长最初由 IID 提供的酒后驾驶戒断时间。 B-SMART 将是一款智能手机应用程序，通过提供应对技巧、沟通技巧和帮助避免酒后驾车的策略，让酒驾罪犯的相关家庭成员 (CFM) 参与进来。这种干预措施的独特之处在于，家庭成员参与支持酒后驾车罪犯不酒后驾车，并利用智能手机技术使这种支持变得即时、可及和广泛传播。干预的内容将基于由联合研究员 McCrady 开发的经经验验证的针对酒精使用障碍患者的夫妻疗法，并转化为智能手机平台。该项目的第一阶段将涉及 B-SMART 的系统化和迭代开发，采用：1) 专家顾问委员会，2) 社区顾问委员会，以及 3) 由 CFM 组成的迭代开发、多媒体和可用性焦点小组和访谈和酒后驾车罪犯。 B-SMART 的具体里程碑和可交付成果预计在第一阶段。该项目未来的第二阶段将涉及完成 B-SMART 以及 B-SMART 的随机功效试验，该试验检查其对各种酒精相关的影响因变量，包括 DWI 再次逮捕。如果 B-SMART 被证明能够影响 DWI 和 DWI 再次逮捕，政府、社区和治疗实体以及 DWI 罪犯的家庭将拥有一个重要且易于使用的工具，以进一步减少 DWI 的社会、健康和经济后果。