Leveraging Networks, Epidemiology, and Epidemic Modeling: Creative Approaches for HIV Elimination

利用网络、流行病学和流行病模型：消除艾滋病毒的创造性方法

• 批准号: 10213684
• 负责人: Britt Skaathun
• 金额: $ 18.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10213684
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acute; Biological; Caring; Characteristics; Client; Communities; Complex; Contact Tracing; Data; Disease Progression; Drug usage; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Genetic; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV Seronegativity; HIV Seropositivity; HIV diagnosis; HIV-1; Hispanics; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Inflammatory; Interruption; Intervention; Latino; Link; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Mucous Membrane; Multiple Partners; Nature; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Populations at Risk; Positioning Attribute; Primary Infection; Public Health; Research; Research Priority; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Sexual Partners; Social Network; Source; Testing; Training; United States; base; black men who have sex with men; case-based; cohort; condoms; cytokine; density; experience; improved; marginalized population; men who have sex with men; methamphetamine use; methamphetamine user; network models; pre-exposure prophylaxis; prevention service; recruit; rectal; response; sex; sexual encounter; social; social structure; standard of care; substance use; transgender; transmission process; treatment as prevention

Abstract New HIV infections in the U.S. are beginning to decline, but marginalized groups such as substance using populations continue to experience new infections. Individuals with acute and early HIV (AEH) and those who are HIV infected, but out of care, are key drivers of ongoing transmission. Biological interventions such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) that reduces HIV acquisition by >90% can curtail transmission, but marginalized groups have low utilization rates. Social network factors have been noted as contributing to the difference in rates of HIV acquisition. Public health departments traditionally used contact tracing (asking newly HIV diagnosed clients to identify their sex or drug contacts) to identify individuals who are unaware of their HIV infection, but this information is often incomplete due to underreporting. Experts are now turning toward molecular network data (individuals linked by similar HIV-1 pol sequences) in conjunction with contact tracing information for HIV epidemic response. While informative, sampling challenges limit the reliance on these sources alone for making inferences about HIV transmission. Social network data, in contrast, are more complete than sexual contact data and often include substance use and sexual partners in networks. Despite indication of the benefits of combining these data, little research has been conducted on how they can be integrated for HIV prevention and care. The overall goal of this project is to better understand the complex and overlapping social and molecular network dynamics involved in HIV transmission in order to more effectively prioritize interventions to reduce HIV incidence.

抽象的 美国的新艾滋病毒感染人数开始下降，但边缘化群体，例如 物质使用人群继续遭受新的感染。患有急性和 早期艾滋病毒（AEH）和那些感染艾滋病毒但失去护理的人是持续存在的关键驱动因素 传播。生物干预措施，例如暴露前预防 (PrEP)，可减少 HIV 感染率超过 90% 可以减少传播，但边缘群体利用率较低 费率。人们注意到社交网络因素导致了艾滋病毒感染率的差异 获得。公共卫生部门传统上使用接触者追踪（新询问艾滋病毒 被诊断的客户以确定其性别或毒品接触者）以识别不知情的个人 他们的艾滋病毒感染情况，但由于报告不足，这些信息往往不完整。专家们是 现在转向分子网络数据（通过相似的 HIV-1 pol 序列连接的个体） 结合艾滋病毒流行应对的接触者追踪信息。在信息丰富的同时， 抽样挑战限制了仅依赖这些来源来推断艾滋病毒 传播。相比之下，社交网络数据比性接触数据更完整， 通常在网络中包括药物滥用和性伴侣。尽管已经表明了好处 在结合这些数据时，很少有人研究如何将它们整合起来 艾滋病毒预防和护理。该项目的总体目标是更好地理解复杂且 HIV 传播中涉及的重叠社会和分子网络动态，以便 更有效地优先采取干预措施来降低艾滋病毒发病率。