HIGH-DENSITY OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

人工耳蜗患者的高密度光学断层扫描

• 批准号: 9755396
• 负责人: JOSEPH P CULVER
• 金额: $ 19.61万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-05 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9755396
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affect; Algorithms; Anatomy; Area; Atlases; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Complex; Comprehension; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Electroencephalography; Environment; Equilibrium; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Head; Hearing; Human; Image; Implant; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Language; Life; Light; MRI Scans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Medical Device; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Motivation; Nature; Noise; Optical Tomography; Optics; Outcome Measure; Participant; Patient Care; Patient imaging; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Process; Research; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Perception; Support System; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Translating; Ursidae Family; auditory deprivation; aural rehabilitation; base; behavioral outcome; cognitive load; cognitive neuroscience; cortex mapping; deaf; denoising; density; diffuse optical tomography; experience; first-in-human; flexibility; frontal lobe; hearing impairment; hearing restoration; hemodynamics; implantation; improved; individual patient; innovation; language comprehension; medical implant; neural network; neuroimaging; neuroprosthesis; novel; optical imaging; patient population; prevent; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; retinotopic; serial imaging; sound; source localization; speech recognition; tool; virtual

Abstract Optical brain imaging allows the noninvasive mapping of human brain activity in a quiet and magnet-free environment. This technology is particularly important for patients who have implanted medical devices, such as cochlear implants, that rule out magnetic resonance imaging. Being able to map brain activity in patients with implanted medical devices is critical because it allows us to understand the complex balance between neural networks in individuals that support successful behavior, and to diagnose where breakdowns in activity are problematic. Adult listeners with cochlear implants are a unique group in which to investigate task-evoked neural activity: They have typically adapted to auditory deprivation for a period of years of profound hearing loss, followed by some degree of hearing restoration following implantation. Following increased auditory input due to cochlear implantation, the degree to which individual listeners are able to successfully recognize speech, especially in the presence of background noise, is extremely variable. Previous attempts to explain this variability in the context of underlying patterns of brain activity have been unsuccessful, in large part because the technical challenges associated with neuroimaging in the presence of an implanted medical device have prevented whole-brain imaging of neural responses to speech. The goal of our research is to bring methodological improvements to bear in optical neuroimaging that will allow us to use high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) to effectively image single-subject responses to spoken language. We will validate atlas-based spatial normalization, necessary in patients with medical implants because they do not have MRI images available to aid the localization process. We will also develop improved head models and denoising algorithms that will improve the optical imaging signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we will implement a novel story comprehension paradigm to map receptive language areas in individual participants, including measures of test-retest reliability, which we will then translate to patients with cochlear implants. Our long-term research plan is to understand the neural systems that support speech recognition in listeners with cochlear implants and to use knowledge about these systems to improve behavioral outcomes.

抽象的 光学脑成像可以在安静且无磁的情况下无创地绘制人脑活动图 环境。这项技术对于植入医疗设备的患者尤其重要，例如 作为人工耳蜗，排除了磁共振成像。能够绘制患者的大脑活动图 植入医疗设备至关重要，因为它使我们能够了解之间的复杂平衡 支持成功行为并诊断活动故障的个人神经网络 有问题。植入人工耳蜗的成年听众是一个独特的群体，可以在其中调查任务诱发的情况 神经活动：他们通常已经适应了听觉剥夺多年的深刻听力 损失，然后植入后一定程度的听力恢复。随着听觉输入的增加 由于人工耳蜗植入，个别听众能够成功识别的程度 语音，尤其是在存在背景噪声的情况下，变化很大。之前的尝试解释 这种大脑活动潜在模式的变异性在很大程度上是不成功的 因为在植入医疗设备的情况下与神经成像相关的技术挑战 该设备阻止了对语音神经反应的全脑成像。我们研究的目标是带来 光学神经成像方法的改进将使我们能够使用高密度漫反射 光学断层扫描 (HD-DOT) 可有效成像单个受试者对口语的反应。我们将 验证基于图集的空间标准化，这对于具有医疗植入物的患者来说是必要的，因为他们不 有 MRI 图像可帮助定位过程。我们还将开发改进的头部模型 去噪算法将提高光学成像信噪比。最后，我们将实现一个 新颖的故事理解范例，用于绘制个体参与者的接受语言区域，包括 重测可靠性指标，然后我们会将其转化为人工耳蜗植入患者。我们的长期 研究计划是了解支持耳蜗听者语音识别的神经系统 植入物并利用有关这些系统的知识来改善行为结果。