Supplement: Active and Nonlinear Models for Cochlear Mechanics

补充：耳蜗力学的主动和非线性模型

• 批准号: 10405710
• 负责人: Karl Grosh
• 金额: $ 22.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10405710
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Address; Age; Algorithms; Animals; Auditory; Back; Basilar Membrane; Behavior; Biophysics; Cations; Cells; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Code; Communities; Complex; Computer software; Computing Methodologies; Development; Electric Stimulation; Elements; Failure; Freedom; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Grant; Hair; Hair Cells; Health; Hearing; Hybrids; Inner Hair Cells; Lead; Length; Libraries; Link; Liquid substance; Location; Loudness; Mechanics; Microfluidics; Modeling; Modification; Morphology; Motivation; Music; Non-linear Models; Organ of Corti; Outer Hair Cells; Output; Pathology; Physics; Process; Prosthesis; Publications; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Running; Signal Transduction; Somatic Cell; Speech; Speech Recognition Software; Speed; Structural Models; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Transducers; Travel; United States National Institutes of Health; Update; Variant; Water; Work; base; cell motility; experimental study; fluid flow; graphical user interface; improved; interest; mathematical model; millimeter; models and simulation; neural stimulation; neurotransmitter release; noninvasive diagnosis; normal hearing; open source; otoacoustic emission; parent grant; predictive modeling; pressure; repository; response; simulation; sound; speech processing; tectorial membrane; tool; user-friendly; web site; Acoustic Nerve; Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Address; Age; Algorithms; Animals; Auditory; Back; Basilar Membrane; Behavior; Biophysics; Cations; Cells; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Code; Communities; Complex; Computer software; Computing Methodologies; Development; Electric Stimulation; Elements; Failure; Freedom; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Grant; Hair; Hair Cells; Health; Hearing; Hybrids; Inner Hair Cells; Lead; Length; Libraries; Link; Liquid substance; Location; Loudness; Mechanics; Microfluidics; Modeling; Modification; Morphology; Motivation; Music; Non-linear Models; Organ of Corti; Outer Hair Cells; Output; Pathology; Physics; Process; Prosthesis; Publications; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Running; Signal Transduction; Somatic Cell; Speech; Speech Recognition Software; Speed; Structural Models; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Transducers; Travel; United States National Institutes of Health; Update; Variant; Water; Work; base; cell motility; experimental study; fluid flow; graphical user interface; improved; interest; mathematical model; millimeter; models and simulation; neural stimulation; neurotransmitter release; noninvasive diagnosis; normal hearing; open source; otoacoustic emission; parent grant; predictive modeling; pressure; repository; response; simulation; sound; speech processing; tectorial membrane; tool; user-friendly; web site

PROJECT SUMMARY: Fluid flow stimulates the hair bundles (HB) of the inner hair cells (IHC) of the cochlea opening the mechano- electric transducer (MET) channels of the IHCs. The resulting current depolarizes the cell body inducing neurotransmitter release and, ultimately, auditory nerve stimulation. The active machinery of the cochlea, driven by motility of outer hair cells (OHC), both tunes the microfluidic excitation of the IHC HBs and provides for nonlinear compression. However, the relative influence of OHC somatic and HB motility on this final fluidic forcing in the cochlea has yet to be conclusively determined. The specific aims of the parent grant seek to develop mathematical models of these phenomena and rigorously test hypotheses of activity via comparison to existing experiments and work with our collaborators to devise feasible new experiments to test our predictions. This supplement aims to broaden the impact of this work by making a streamlined version of code used in our previous publications available for use and modification by the auditory computation community. We will do this by using open-source software platforms to host our code. This will enable the direct use of the code for simulations under different operating conditions and for modification and improvement of the code. We will publicize this activity through our website, publications, and other presentations. The overarching goal of this research is to develop a complete fluid-mechanical-electrical model that describes the response of the cochlea to external acoustic stimulation. If successful, this model will enhance our understanding of failure mechanisms in the cochlea, answering important questions as to which morphological elements of the cochlea fail and why. Further, this predictive code holds the promise to improve noninvasive diagnosis of auditory function because features of the cochlear response (such as otoacoustic emissions) can be linked to specific pathologies. Finally, having a predictive model over the entire audio spectrum will help us to understand how important classes of signals are processed in the cochlea (such as speech and music) and such understanding can lead to better speech processing algorithms or cochlear implant electrical stimulation approaches.

项目摘要： 流体流动刺激耳蜗内毛细胞（IHC）的头发束（Hb）打开机械 IHC的电换能器（MET）通道。产生的电流使细胞体诱导去极化 神经递质释放，最终是听觉神经刺激。耳蜗的主动机械， 在外部毛细胞（OHC）的运动驱动下，两者都调节IHC HBS的微流体激发并提供 对于非线性压缩。但是，OHC体细胞和HB运动对最终流体的相对影响 在耳蜗中的强迫尚待确定。父母赠款的具体目标寻求 开发这些现象的数学模型，并通过比较进行严格检验活动的假设 现有的实验，并与我们的合作者合作，设计可行的新实验，以测试我们 预测。这种补充旨在通过制作简化的代码来扩大这项工作的影响 在我们以前的出版物中，可用于听觉计算社区的使用和修改。 我们将通过使用开源软件平台托管我们的代码来做到这一点。这将使直接使用 在不同的操作条件下进行仿真的代码，并修改和改进代码。 我们将通过我们的网站，出版物和其他演示文稿宣传此活动。 这项研究的总体目标是开发一个完整的流体机械电动模型，描述 耳蜗对外部声刺激的反应。如果成功，该模型将增强我们的 了解耳蜗中的失败机制，回答有关形态学的重要问题 耳蜗的要素失败，原因。此外，该预测代码有望改善无创 听觉功能的诊断是因为人工耳蜗响应的特征（例如耳声发射）可以 与特定病理有关。最后，在整个音频频谱上拥有一个预测模型将帮助我们 了解在耳蜗（例如语音和音乐）和 这种理解会导致更好的语音处理算法或人工耳蜗电气刺激 方法。