Neurophysiology of cognitive development and response inhibition

认知发展和反应抑制的神经生理学

基本信息

批准号：
9750807
负责人：
CHRISTOS CONSTANTINIDIS
金额：
$ 40.22万
依托单位：
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-25 至 2023-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9750807
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Behavior Adult Anatomy Animals Appearance Area Attention Deficit Disorder Basal Ganglia Behavior Behavior assessment Behavioral Biological Cognitive Cohort Effect Development Diffusion Eye Movements Failure Fiber Goals Health Human Knowledge Lateral Link Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Mediating Mental disorders Methodology Modeling Monkeys Mood Disorders Motor Neurobiology Neurons Performance Physiological Physiology Prefrontal Cortex Primates Process Psychopathology Puberty Reaction Time Research Saccades Schizophrenia Stimulus Structure Task Performances Testing Thalamic structure Time Training Variant Vertebrates cognitive ability cognitive control cognitive development cognitive function cognitive process cohort emerging adult executive function experimental study improved insight juvenile animal mature animal myelination neurophysiology nonhuman primate psychologic relating to nervous system response sample fixation social social implication vector visual stimulus white matter young adult

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY We will investigate the neural substrates of the maturation of response inhibition between the time of adolescence and adulthood. Response inhibition is thought to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex, a cortical area greatly expanded in primates compared to other vertebrates, which undergoes a long maturation process that mirrors the development of higher cognitive functions after adolescence. A number of mental illnesses have onsets linked to the maturation of the prefrontal cortex, most notably schizophrenia, which manifests itself in early adulthood. Executive function also improves in adulthood, and inadequate development of this capacity is associated with delinquency and other conditions of health and social significance. Little is known about the physiological changes that the prefrontal cortex undergoes in adolescence so as to mediate improved cognitive control. Taking advantage of recent methodological and conceptual advances, we propose to investigate the changes of prefrontal cortical physiology and anatomical connectivity that occur after puberty. We propose to use a non-human primate model that will allow us to conduct behavioral assessments, neurophysiological recordings, and MR imaging in the prefrontal cortex of developing animals and controls. Our study will make use behavioral tasks that test response inhibition. We will rely primarily on the anti-saccade task which requires subjects to make an eye movement in the opposite direction of a visual stimulus, thus resisting the pre-potent stimulus. Experiments will record neuronal activity related to task performance to understand what neural variables maturate after the onset of puberty. These experiments will offer insights on how development of the prefrontal cortex alters its physiological responses, findings that will be essential for understanding and treating mental illnesses thought to be associated with a failure of prefrontal cortical maturation.

项目概要我们将研究反应抑制成熟的神经基质青春期和成年期。反应抑制被认为是由前额叶皮层介导的，前额叶皮层是皮层的一个区域。与其他脊椎动物相比，灵长类动物的面积大大扩大，并且经历了漫长的成熟过程这反映了青春期后高级认知功能的发展。一些精神疾病发病与前额皮质的成熟有关，最显着的是精神分裂症，其表现出来在成年早期。成年后执行功能也会得到改善，但这种能力发展不足与犯罪以及其他健康状况和社会意义相关。人们对此知之甚少前额皮质在青春期发生的生理变化，以调节认知能力的提高控制。利用最近的方法和概念进展，我们建议研究青春期后发生的前额皮质生理学和解剖学连接的变化。我们建议使用非人类灵长类动物模型，使我们能够进行行为评估、神经生理学评估发育中的动物和对照组的前额皮质的记录和磁共振成像。我们的研究将使使用测试反应抑制的行为任务。我们将主要依靠反眼跳任务，该任务需要受试者在视觉刺激的相反方向上进行眼球运动，从而抵抗预强效应刺激。实验将记录与任务表现相关的神经元活动，以了解神经元的活动青春期开始后，变量就成熟了。这些实验将提供有关如何发展的见解前额皮质改变其生理反应，这些发现对于理解和治疗至关重要精神疾病被认为与前额皮质成熟失败有关。