Covert Sensorimotor Mapping for Guiding Brain-Computer Interfaces

用于指导脑机接口的隐蔽感觉运动映射

• 批准号: 9186960
• 负责人: MICHAEL L. BONINGER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9186960
• 关键词: Afferent Pathways; Area; Auditory; Back; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Code; Cues; Cutaneous; Diagnosis; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation of the Brain; Electrodes; Epilepsy; Esthesia; Feedback; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hand; Imagery; Impairment; Implanted Electrodes; Injury; Intention; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Limb structure; Literature; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Methods; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Participant; Pattern; Persons; Population; Procedures; Prosthesis; Protocols documentation; Publishing; Quadriplegia; Recruitment Activity; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Self-Help Devices; Sensory; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal cord injury; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Translating; Upper Extremity; Upper limb movement; Veterans; Visual; Volition; arm; auditory feedback; base; brain computer interface; design; improved; insight; joint mobilization; limb movement; nervous system disorder; neurofeedback; neuroimaging; novel; public health relevance; rehabilitation paradigm; restoration; sensory stimulus; somatosensory

DESCRIPTION: Advanced understanding of brain structure and function has improved the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, and spinal cord injury (SCI). Over half a century ago, Penfield used electrical stimulation of motor and sensory areas of cerebral cortex and revealed a distinct somatotopic organization of the brain. Today, this and additional knowledge of neuronal coding functions are being used to develop brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that establish functional connections between cortical neurons and prosthetic and assistive devices. BCIs often use electrodes placed in brain areas responsible for volitional control and sensation of limb movements, particularly the arm and hand regions. Mapping brain regions is possible using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), although studies are difficult to perform in persons with motor and sensory impairments. People with SCI have disrupted efferent and afferent pathways between the cortex and the limbs making it necessary to rely on covert techniques, such as kinesthetic motor imagery, to map sensorimotor brain activity. Challenges associated with brain mapping likely contribute to the varying reports regarding the extent of functional reorganization occurring in the brain following SCI. The goal of the proposed research is to develop novel covert paradigms for mapping sensorimotor brain activity. Visual or auditory cueing has been shown to improve the timing and vividness of motor imagery. Therefore, we expect that increasing sensory enrichment will strengthen the activation observed in the sensorimotor cortex during covert motor and sensory tasks. We will test multiple levels of sensory enrichment with the goal of enhancing sensorimotor activation. The four conditions that will be tested are: (1) simple imagery of a single- joint movement or sensory stimulus, (2) goal-directed imagery, (2) goal-directed imagery with auditory enrichment, (3) goal-directed imagery with auditory and somatosensory enrichment. Functional MRI will be used to measure motor, cutaneous, and proprioceptive cortical representations using the covert mapping paradigms described above. Able-bodied subjects will be recruited to allow for comparison of imagery-based cortical activation patterns to that measured during overt movement and sensory stimulation. We will also recruit participants with tetraplegia due to SCI allowing for confirmation that the covert mapping paradigms translate to the clinical population. We will test whether covert movement and stimuli activate the sensorimotor cortex in the expected manner based on published literature and overt mapping in able-bodied subjects. Enriched covert brain mapping will allow for measurement of cortical reorganization when overt techniques cannot be used. Through this study, we will gain an understanding of how imagined movement, cutaneous stimulation, and passive movement produce similar (or different) activation of the motor and somatosensory cortex. In future studies, we plan to use covert mapping to guide BCI electrode design and placement. Moreover, these advanced mapping procedures will provide new insights into the functional interactions between sensory and motor areas of the brain in able-bodied persons, and the effects of SCI on these functions. Neurofeedback rehabilitation protocols could be designed to target abnormal cortical activity directly, or sensory enrichments could be incorporated into traditional rehabilitation paradigms to facilitate activation of dormant neural pathways.

描述： 对大脑结构和功能的深入了解已改善了神经系统疾病（例如癫痫，中风和脊髓损伤（SCI））的诊断和治疗。半个多世纪以前，彭菲尔德（Penfield）使用了对大脑皮质的运动和感觉区域的电刺激，并揭示了大脑的独特体体组织。如今，这种对神经元编码功能的知识已被用来开发脑部计算机界面（BCIS），这些脑部计算机界面（BCIS）在皮质神经元与假肢和辅助设备之间建立功能连接。 BCIS经常使用负责自愿控制和肢体运动感觉的大脑区域的电极，尤其是手臂和手部区域。使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）可以映射大脑区域，尽管在有运动和感觉障碍的人方面很难进行研究。 SCI患者在皮质和四肢之间破坏了传出和传入的途径，因此有必要依靠秘密技术（例如Kinesthetic Motor Imagery）来映射感觉运动脑活动。与大脑图相关的挑战可能有助于有关SCI后大脑中发生功能重组程度的不同报告。目标 拟议的研究是开发新的秘密范式来绘制感觉运动脑活动。已显示视觉或听觉提示可以改善运动图像的时机和生动性。因此，我们预计增加的感觉富集将加强在掩盖运动和感觉任务期间感觉运动皮层中观察到的激活。我们将测试多个水平的感觉富集，以增强感觉运动激活。将要测试的四个条件是：（1）单个关节运动或感觉刺激的简单图像，（2）目标导向图像，（2）带有听觉富集的目标导向图像，（3）具有听觉和体感富集的目标导向图像。功能性MRI将用于使用上述秘密映射范式测量运动，皮肤和本体感受性皮质表示。将招募健全的受试者，以将基于图像的皮质激活模式与在明显的运动和感觉刺激期间测得的受试者进行比较。由于SCI允许确认秘密映射范式转化为临床人群，因此我们还将招募四肢瘫痪参与者。我们将根据公开的文献和能力强大的受试者的明显映射以预期的方式来测试秘密运动和刺激是否以预期的方式激活感觉运动皮层。当无法使用明显的技术时，丰富的秘密脑映射将允许测量皮质重组。通过这项研究，我们将了解想象中的运动，皮肤刺激和被动运动如何产生运动和体感皮质的相似（或不同）激活。在未来的研究中，我们计划使用秘密映射来指导BCI电极设计和放置。此外，这些先进的映射程序将为能力人士的感觉和大脑运动区域之间的功能相互作用提供新的见解，以及SCI对这些功能的影响。神经反馈康复方案可以直接靶向异常的皮质活动，也可以将感觉富集纳入传统的康复范式中 促进休眠神经途径的激活。