Risk for Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline in Project TALENT

人才计划中的阿尔茨海默病风险和认知能力下降

• 批准号: 9343253
• 负责人: Carol Arlene Prescott
• 金额: $ 131.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-15 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9343253
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adult; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Archives; Attention; Characteristics; Cognition; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Communities; Computers; Data; Dementia; Development; Diseases in Twins; Education; Educational Status; Elderly; Environmental Risk Factor; Equilibrium; Ethnic Origin; Family; Gender; Genetic; Health; Health Status; High School Student; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Internet; Leisure Activities; Life; Light; Link; Liquid substance; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Medicare; Memory; Methods; Modality; Neighborhoods; Occupational; Online Systems; Outcome; Participant; Performance; Physical activity; Recording of previous events; Records; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Sample Size; Sampling; Schools; Siblings; Structure; Surveys; Tablet Computer; Talents; Telephone Interviews; Testing; Triplet Multiple Birth; Twin Multiple Birth; Visuospatial; abstracting; aged; cognitive ability; cognitive function; cognitive performance; data archive; demographics; design; experience; family genetics; follow-up; high school; higher education; interest; intervention program; mortality; neuropsychological; prevent; prospective; protective effect; user-friendly

RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN PROJECT TALENT ABSTRACT [rev. June 15, 2016] Higher educational attainment is associated with preserved cognitive performance in older age and reduced risk for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other dementias. The mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear, but possible explanations include: direct protective effects of more education; preserved capacity or enhanced functioning due to greater cognitive complexity of occupational and leisure activities among people with more education; indirect effects via individual, family, or community-level correlates of educational level; and genetic factors that contribute to both educational level and later-life cognitive functioning. Distinguishing among these alternatives is critical for informing intervention programs to prevent and delay the development of AD and to remediate age-related cognitive decline. These mechanisms will be evaluated using the unique twin/sibling/schoolmate design of Project Talent (PT), a longitudinal study begun in 1960 with a U.S. representative sample of 377,000 high school students who had detailed measures of cognitive abilities, family and school characteristics, educational aspirations and vocational interests. The sample includes 86,000 siblings in 42,000 families, including 2,300 sets of twins and triplets. The twins have been recently located and surveyed (R01-AG043656, Pl: Prescott; Co-Pl: Lyter). Proposed aims are to: (1) locate Project Talent participants in a new follow-up sample of 2500 sibling sets; (2) assess dementia outcomes and cognitive decline in the previously-recruited twin/sibling sample and in the new sample of siblings; (3) combine this outcome information with data collected since 1960 to evaluate the association between educational attainment and risk for dementia and later-life cognitive decline, accounting for cognitive abilities assessed in adolescence; (4) evaluate alternative mechanisms for the association of education with dementia and cognitive decline, including: (a) direct protective effects of higher education: (b) protective effects of cognitive activities; (c) indirect association via early-life cognitive abilities; and (d) indirect association via genetic, family and/or macroenvironmental factors; and (5) document and archive the twin and sibling data for use by other researchers studying the antecedents of cognitive decline. Participants will be assessed with a contemporary battery of cognitive measures harmonized with several of the original 1960 PT measures, allowing direct measurement of change across 1960 to 2017 on multiple cognitive domains; use of adaptive testing to reduce participant burden; and assessment via mailed tablet computers to facilitate measurement of memory and visuospatial abilities. This unique merger of within-family, between-family, within-school and between-school designs controls for genetic and environmental factors that are confounded in other cohort studies and provides an unprecedented opportunity to address causal hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying individual differences in risk for AD, other dementias and cognitive decline.

阿尔茨海默氏病的风险和项目人才的认知能力下降 摘要[Rev。 2016年6月15日] 更高的教育程度与年龄较大的认知表现相关 降低了阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）和其他痴呆症的风险。这些机制 协会尚不清楚，但可能的解释包括：更多教育的直接保护作用； 由于职业和休闲的认知复杂性，保留的能力或功能增强 受过更多教育的人中的活动；通过个人，家庭或社区级别的间接影响 教育水平的相关；以及导致教育水平和后期生活的遗传因素 认知功能。这些替代方案之间的区分对于告知干预计划至关重要 预防和延迟AD的发展并补救与年龄相关的认知下降。这些机制 将使用独特的双胞胎/兄弟姐妹/同学项目人才（PT）进行评估，这是一项纵向研究 始于1960年，由377,000名高中生的美国代表性样本开始 认知能力，家庭和学校特征，教育愿望和职业兴趣。这 样本包括42,000个家庭中的86,000个兄弟姐妹，包括2,300套双胞胎和三胞胎。双胞胎有 最近发现并进行了调查（R01-AG043656，PL：Prescott； Co-Pl：Lyter）。 拟议的目的是：（1）在2500个兄弟姐妹的新后续样本中找到项目人才参与者 套; （2）评估先前授予的双胞胎/兄弟姐妹样本的痴呆症结果和认知能力下降 新的兄弟姐妹样本； （3）将此结果信息与自1960年以来收集的数据相结合以评估 教育程度与痴呆症风险与后期认知能力下降之间的关联， 考虑到青春期评估的认知能力； （4）评估替代机制 教育与痴呆症和认知能力下降的关联，包括：（a）较高的直接保护作用 教育：（b）认知活动的保护作用； （c）通过早期生活认知能力间接关联； （d）通过遗传，家族和/或宏观环境因素间接关联； （5）文件和 归类于研究认知能力下降的先例的其他研究人员使用的双胞胎和兄弟姐妹数据。 参与者将通过现代的认知措施进行评估 在最初的1960年PT措施中，可以直接测量1960年至2017年的变化。 认知领域；使用自适应测试来减轻参与者的负担；和通过邮寄平板电脑进行评估 促进记忆和视觉空间能力的计算机。这种独特的家庭内合并， 家庭内部和学校间设计控制遗传和环境因素的控制 在其他队列研究中被混淆，并提供了一个前所未有的机会来解决因果关系 关于AD风险，其他痴呆症和 认知能力下降。