CRCNS: Dynamical mechanisms of oscillation transitions in the olfactory system

CRCNS：嗅觉系统振荡转变的动力学机制

• 批准号: 8853266
• 负责人: Thomas A Cleland
• 金额: $ 31.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8853266
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Acute; Affect; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Biophysics; Brain region; Child; Collaborations; Complement; Complex; Computer Simulation; Coupled; Coupling; Data Set; Electrophysiology (science); Enrollment; Family; Female; Frequencies; Hodgkin Disease; Institution; Knowledge; Laboratories; Leadership; Mediating; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Mus; NCI Scholars Program; Neurons; Neurosciences; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Olfactory tubercle; Output; Paper; Phase; Population; Publications; Publishing; Rattus; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Technics; Rest; STEM field; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Sensory; Shapes; Slice; Structure; Students; Synapses; System; Time; Tissues; Training; Underrepresented Minority; Work; alertness; awake; base; cognitive process; flexibility; girls; information processing; multi-electrode arrays; network models; neuroregulation; olfactory bulb; outreach program; piriform cortex; programs; relating to nervous system; respiratory; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The emergence of coherent local field potentials (LFPs) in the beta (15-30 Hz) and gamma (35-100 Hz) frequency bands has been associated with attention, sensorimotor integration, and other active information processing states within and among brain regions. Beta/gamma coherence is broadly associated with action potential synchronization, which in turn has been hypothesized to define and delimit neural assemblies, and further to enable multiple assemblies of neurons within a population to synchronize within each assembly (but not among different assemblies) so that these multiple assemblies can compete to determine the systems output. The olfactory system has a strong and complex complement of LFP oscillations. Several different frequency bands are routinely observed, and are associated with particular behavioral tasks or states, such as acute sensory activity, resting alertness, and respiratory phases. Some oscillations coexist in the same structure; others appear to give way to one another. Some are local; others mediate interareal coupling either via LFP coherence or via subtler spike-field coherence in which periodic activity in the OB shapes the timing of action potentials in a limited assembly of neurons in a follower structure. Moreover, the olfactory system juxtaposes bottom-up network dynamics resulting from afferent stimulation with top-down dynamics arising from behavioral state factors, both affecting sensory information exported from olfactory bulb. Overall, the olfactory system is a particularly rich fied in which to study the biophysics and ethological utility of these neuronal dynamical systems in concert and within experimentally accessible tissues. This project will establish a robust, mechanistic, biophysically-based model of oscillations and synchronization in the mammalian olfactory system. The PIs will combine multichannel unit and LFP recordings from awake/behaving rats and from acute slices of the mouse OB using planar multielectrode array, and use the results to shape the expansion of an existing, biophysically detailed model of the early olfactory system. They will determine the extent to which the OB forms competing assemblies of gamma-coupled neurons and study beta oscillations as an interregional coupling mechanism with piriform cortex (PC) that supersedes these local gamma-coupled assemblies. Additional, less well-established OB interactions with olfactory tubercle and orbitofrontal cortex during odor sampling and response decisions also will be studied. Integrating these datasets into a common Hodgkin/Huxley-based network model will explicate the construction and utility of these systemwide dynamics based on their underlying cellular and network mechanisms. The proposed work takes a fairly well-characterized network and, via computational modeling, combines studies across different levels of analysis to build a mechanistic model of a complex dynamical system. The results will enable a deeper understanding of the dynamical flexibility of cortical circuits at many levels of analysis. Behavior provides tight control over oscillatory staes and cognitive processes associated with them, enabling explication of intact functional circuits. Slice electrophysiology and computational modeling will provide greater detail on the mechanistic, synaptic, neuromodulatory, and dynamical principles involved in generating and switching among these multiple states. The collaboration will benefit students at both institutions by integrating them into an interdisciplinary framework encompassing computational and experimental approaches, exposing students from diverse backgrounds to new research techniques and interdisciplinary and computational approaches to neuroscience. Close collaboration of the two investigators will transfer knowledge and methods across laboratories. Both laboratories actively train undergraduates in research and include them on many publications, and both laboratories actively recruit and train female and minority scientists in STEM fields. PI Kay has initiated participation in Project Exploration, an outreach program that provides access to science and scientists to underrepresented minority children and girls, and PI Cleland participates in the Leadership Alliance and Cornell Biology Scholars program for underrepresented minority and first-in-family students, and has published papers with undergraduate coauthors enrolled in these programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：在Beta（15-30 Hz）和伽马（35-100 Hz）频段中相干局部场电位（LFP）的出现与注意力，感觉运动积分以及内部和大脑区域之间的其他活跃信息处理状态有关。 β/伽马相干性与动作电位同步广泛相关，而动作电位同步又被假设以定义和界定神经组件，并进一步使人群中的多个神经元在每个组件中同步（但不是在不同的组件之间），以便这些多个组件可以竞争这些系统的输出。 嗅觉系统具有LFP振荡的强大和复杂的补体。 通常会观察到几个不同的频带，并与特定的行为任务或状态（例如急性感觉活动，静止警觉性和呼吸阶段）相关。 一些振荡在相同的结构中共存；其他人似乎让位给彼此。 有些是本地的；其他人则通过LFP相干性或通过微妙的尖峰场相干性介导偶联，其中OB中的周期性活性在自动元结构中有限的神经元组装中塑造动作电位的时机。 此外，嗅觉系统与行为状态因素引起的自上而下的动力学并置了自下而上的网络动力学，都影响了从嗅球导出的感觉信息。 总体而言，嗅觉系统是一个特别丰富的融合，可以在其中研究这些神经元动力学系统的生物物理学和伦理效用，并在实验可访问的组织中。 该项目将在哺乳动物嗅觉系统中建立强大的，机械的，基于生物物理的振荡和同步模型。 PI将使用平面多电极阵列将多通道单元和LFP记录结合在一起，并从小鼠OB的急性切片中结合使用小鼠OB的急性切片，并使用结果来塑造早期嗅觉系统的现有生物物理详细模型的扩展。 他们将确定OB形成伽马耦合神经元的竞争组件的程度，并研究β振荡作为与梨状皮层（PC）的区域间耦合机制，可取代这些局部伽马耦合组件。 在气味采样和响应决策过程中，还将研究与嗅觉结节和轨道额叶皮层的其他较不公平的OB相互作用。 将这些数据集集成到基于Hodgkin/Huxley的常见网络模型中，将根据其基于其基本的蜂窝和网络机制来阐明这些系统范围的动态。 拟议的工作采用了一个相当良好的网络，并通过计算建模结合了不同级别分析的研究，以构建复杂动力学系统的机械模型。 结果将使在许多分析层面上更深入地了解皮质电路的动态灵活性。 行为可以严格控制与它们相关的振荡性STAE和认知过程，从而可以说明完整的功能电路。 切片电生理学和计算建模将为这些多种状态之间产生和切换所涉及的机械，突触，神经调节和动力学原理提供更大的详细信息。 该合作将使两个机构的学生纳入涵盖计算和实验方法的跨学科框架，从而使学生从不同背景的新研究技术以及跨学科和计算方法的神经科学揭露学生。 两位调查人员的密切合作将使实验室转移知识和方法。 这两个实验室都积极培训研究生，并将其包括在许多出版物中，并且两个实验室都积极招募和培训STEM领域的女性和少数族裔科学家。 Pi Kay已启动了Project Exploration，这是一项宣传计划，该计划为代表性不足的少数儿童和女孩提供了科学和科学家的访问权，Pi Cleland参加了领导力联盟和康奈尔生物学学者计划，用于缺乏代表性的少数族裔和家庭教育专业的学生，​​并与不足的学生一起发表了这些计划。