IMPACT OF LIFE EVENTS ON PATTERNS OF DRUG US IN AN URBAN AFRICAN AMERICAN COHORT

生活事件对城市非裔美国人群体吸毒模式的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8735246
负责人：
ELAINE E DOHERTY
金额：
$ 11.53万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-ST. LOUIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-17 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8735246
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adopted Adult African American Age Alcohol or Other Drugs use Area Attention Behavior Birth Cessation of life Characteristics Chicago Child Church Communities Crime Data Death Records Dependence Development Disease Divorce Drug usage Empirical Research Employment Epidemiologic Studies Ethnic group Etiology Event Female Future Gender Health Household Imprisonment Individual Individual Differences Informal Social Control Knowledge Left Life Life Cycle Stages Life Experience Linear Models Literature Marriage Mental Depression Methodology Military Personnel Morbidity - disease rate Mothers Neighborhoods Outcome Pattern Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Population Public Health Quality of life Recording of previous events Research Risk Factors Role Sampling Schools Self-control as a personality trait Services Severities Social Controls Time Unemployment Victimization Violence Woman Work adolescent drug use cohort contextual factors criminal offending deviant experience first grade inner city loved ones male member men middle age mortality racial and ethnic research and development social social attachment stem teacher teenage parents theories therapy development young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A critical but understudied area of research is why people stop using drugs, especially African American adults. This question is the primary focus of the proposed study. African Americans have the same or less substance use as adolescents compared to Whites, but as they age into adulthood they are more likely than Whites to initiate drug use, less likely to desist use, and more likely to develop use disorders. Moreover, drug use significantly impacts health, with adult drug use problems being more evident in older African Americans than in Whites, such as higher drug-related mortality and morbidity. We address this important public health issue using data spanning more than 35 years from a comprehensive developmental epidemiological study of a community cohort of urban African Americans first studied at age 6 (N=1242), then in adolescence, and at ages 32 and 42. This inner city Chicago cohort represents a 1960 birth cohort, considered to have the highest rates of adolescent drug use. Information from mothers, teachers, and official school, criminal, and death records are integrated with data from cohort members to build a study that provides an invaluable opportunity to examine the impact of life events on patterns of substance use over the life course. The specific aims are to: 1) examine the impact of individual life events on long-term patterns of drug use; 2) identify conditions under which life events impact long-term drug use patterns, and 3) determine what individual-level or contextual factors moderate the impact of life events on long-term patterns of drug use. The proposed project draws on the age-graded theory of social control from criminological literature and applies it to substance use, extending our understanding of the relationship between social ties and desistance from deviance (Sampson & Laub, 1993; Laub & Sampson, 2003). Few positive life events beyond marriage, work, and military service have been studied in this regard, and there has been little to no attention paid t negative life events. Thus, we seek to study a wider array of life events, both positive and negative, that can alter substance use and investigate conditions under which life events impact substance use patterns. This work will extend our understanding of the role of social ties stemming from individual life events as potential turning points in substance use. Yet, not everyone who experiences a life event will alter their substance use trajectory. Prior research has found the quality of life events to matter. In this project, we investigate additional conditios under which life events impact substance use desistance such as the quantity and combinations of life events, and timing and ordering of life events. We also investigate moderating effects from stable individual differences (e.g., self-control) and adult contextual influences (e.g., histry of depression). The proposed project uses longitudinal methodologies (e.g., hierarchical linear modeling) and adopts a person-oriented approach, considering the individual as a whole to better understand stability and change in substance use. Findings will inform intervention development by identifying pivotal influences in adulthood that facilitate desistance from substance use.

描述（由申请人提供）：一个关键但尚未得到充分研究的领域是为什么人们停止使用毒品，尤其是非裔美国成年人。这个问题是拟议研究的主要焦点。与白人相比，非洲裔美国人的青少年物质使用量相同或更少，但随着年龄的增长，他们比白人更有可能开始吸毒，不太可能停止使用，并且更有可能出现使用障碍。此外，吸毒严重影响健康，老年非裔美国人的成人吸毒问题比白人更为明显，例如与毒品相关的死亡率和发病率更高。我们使用跨度超过 35 年的综合发展流行病学研究数据来解决这一重要的公共卫生问题，该研究对城市非裔美国人社区队列进行了首次研究，研究年龄为 6 岁（N=1242），然后是青春期，以及 32 岁和 42 岁。芝加哥内城的这一群体代表了 1960 年出生的群体，被认为是青少年吸毒率最高的群体。来自母亲、教师、官方学校、犯罪和死亡记录的信息与队列成员的数据相结合，建立了一项研究，为研究生命过程中生活事件对物质使用模式的影响提供了宝贵的机会。具体目标是：1）检查个人生活事件对长期吸毒模式的影响； 2) 确定生活事件影响长期吸毒模式的条件，以及 3) 确定哪些个人水平或背景因素可以调节生活事件对长期吸毒模式的影响。拟议的项目借鉴了犯罪学文献中的社会控制年龄分级理论，并将其应用于物质使用，扩展了我们对社会关系与制止越轨行为之间关系的理解（Sampson & Laub，1993；Laub & Sampson，2003）。除了婚姻、工作和服兵役之外，很少有人在这方面研究积极的生活事件，而且很少甚至根本没有关注消极的生活事件。因此，我们寻求研究更广泛的生活事件，包括积极的和消极的，这些事件可以改变物质使用，并调查生活事件影响物质使用模式的条件。这项工作将扩展我们对个人生活事件所产生的社会关系作为物质使用潜在转折点的作用的理解。然而，并不是每个经历过生活事件的人都会改变他们的物质使用轨迹。先前的研究发现生活事件的质量很重要。在这个项目中，我们调查了生活事件影响药物滥用戒断的其他条件，例如生活事件的数量和组合，以及生活事件的时间和顺序。我们还研究了稳定的个体差异（例如自我控制）和成人背景影响（例如抑郁史）的调节作用。拟议的项目使用纵向方法（例如分层线性模型）并采用以人为本的方法，将个人视为一个整体，以更好地了解物质使用的稳定性和变化。研究结果将为干预措施的制定提供信息，确定成年期有助于戒除药物滥用的关键影响。