IMPACT OF LIFE EVENTS ON PATTERNS OF DRUG US IN AN URBAN AFRICAN AMERICAN COHORT

生活事件对城市非裔美国人群体吸毒模式的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8598867
负责人：
ELAINE E DOHERTY
金额：
$ 25.25万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-ST. LOUIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-17 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8598867
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adopted Adult Affect African American Age Alcohol or Other Drugs use Area Behavior Birth Cessation of life Characteristics Chicago Child Communities Crime Data Death Records Dependence Development Discrimination Disease Divorce Drug usage Empirical Research Employment Epidemiologic Studies Ethnic group Etiology Event Female Future Gender Health Imprisonment Individual Individual Differences Informal Social Control Knowledge Left Life Life Cycle Stages Life Experience Linear Models Literature Marriage Mental Depression Methodology Military Personnel Morbidity - disease rate Mothers Neighborhoods Outcome Pattern Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Population Public Health Quality of life Recording of previous events Research Risk Factors Role Sampling Schools Services Severities Social Adjustment Social Environment Stress Time Unemployment Victimization Woman Work adolescent drug use base cohort contextual factors criminal offending deviant experience inner city loved ones male member men middle age mortality public health relevance racial and ethnic research and development social attachment stem teacher teenage parents theories therapy development young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A critical but understudied area of research is why people stop using drugs, especially African American adults. This question is the primary focus of the proposed study. African Americans have the same or less substance use as adolescents compared to Whites, but as they age into adulthood they are less likely to desist use and more likely to develop use disorders. Moreover, drug use significantly impacts health, with adult drug use problems being more evident in older African Americans than in Whites, such as higher drug-related mortality and morbidity. We address this important public health issue using data spanning more than 35 years from a comprehensive developmental epidemiological study of a community cohort of urban African Americans first studied at age six (N=1242), then in adolescence, and at ages 32 and 42. This inner city Chicago cohort represents a 1960 birth cohort, considered to have the highest rates of adolescent drug use. Information from mothers, teachers, and official school, criminal, and death records are integrated with data from cohort members to build a study that provides an invaluable opportunity to examine the impact of life events on patterns of substance use over the life course. Specific aims are to: 1) examine the impact of individual life events on long-term patterns of drug use; 2) identify conditions under which life events impact long-term drug use patterns, and 3) determine what individual-level or contextual factors moderate the impact of life events on long-term patterns of drug use. The proposed project draws primarily on the age-graded theory of informal social control from criminological literature and applies it to substance use, extending our understanding of the relationship between life events and desistance from deviance (Sampson & Laub, 1993; Laub & Sampson, 2003). Few life events beyond marriage, work, and military service have been studied in this regard. Thus, we seek to study a wider array of life events that can alter substance use, and investigate conditions under which life events impact substance use patterns. Yet, not everyone who experiences a life event will alter their drug use trajectory, as evidenced by the finding of variability in the impact of life events in the stress literature basedon accumulation of events and moderating factors (see Thoits, 2010). In this project, we investigate quality of the life event and additional conditions under which life events impact substance use desistance such as quantity, combinations, timing, and ordering of life events. We also investigate moderating effects from stable individual differences (e.g., social adaptation) and adult influences (e.g., history of depression). The proposed project uses longitudinal methodologies (e.g., hierarchical linear modeling) and adopts a person-oriented approach, considering the individual as a whole to better understand stability and change in substance use. This work will extend our understanding of the role of informal social control stemming from individual life events as potential turning points in substance use. Findings will inform intervention development by identifying pivotal influences in adulthood that facilitate desistance from substance use.

描述（由申请人提供）：一个关键但尚未得到充分研究的领域是为什么人们停止使用毒品，尤其是非裔美国成年人。这个问题是拟议研究的主要焦点。与白人相比，非洲裔美国人的物质使用量与青少年相同或更少，但随着年龄的增长，他们停止使用的可能性较小，并且更有可能出现使用障碍。此外，吸毒严重影响健康，老年非裔美国人的成人吸毒问题比白人更为明显，例如与毒品相关的死亡率和发病率更高。我们使用跨越 35 年多的数据来解决这一重要的公共卫生问题，这些数据来自对城市非裔美国人社区队列的综合发展流行病学研究，该研究首先在 6 岁（N=1242）、然后在青春期、32 岁和 42 岁进行研究。芝加哥内城的这一群体代表了 1960 年出生的群体，被认为是青少年吸毒率最高的群体。来自母亲、教师、官方学校、犯罪和死亡记录的信息与队列成员的数据相结合，建立了一项研究，为研究生命过程中生活事件对物质使用模式的影响提供了宝贵的机会。具体目标是：1）检查个人生活事件对长期吸毒模式的影响； 2) 确定生活事件影响长期吸毒模式的条件，以及 3) 确定哪些个人水平或背景因素可以调节生活事件对长期吸毒模式的影响。拟议的项目主要借鉴了犯罪学文献中的非正式社会控制的年龄分级理论，并将其应用于物质使用，扩展了我们对生活事件与停止越轨行为之间关系的理解（Sampson & Laub，1993；Laub & Sampson，2003））。除了婚姻、工作和服兵役之外，很少有生活事件在这方面进行过研究。因此，我们寻求研究更广泛的可以改变物质使用的生活事件，并调查生活事件影响物质使用模式的条件。然而，并不是每个经历过生活事件的人都会改变他们的吸毒轨迹，压力文献中基于事件积累和调节因素的生活事件影响的变异性就证明了这一点（参见 Thoits，2010 年）。在这个项目中，我们调查生活事件的质量以及生活事件影响物质使用戒断的其他条件，例如生活事件的数量、组合、时间和顺序。我们还研究了稳定的个体差异（例如社会适应）和成人影响（例如抑郁史）的调节作用。拟议的项目使用纵向方法（例如分层线性模型）并采用以人为本的方法，将个人视为一个整体，以更好地了解物质使用的稳定性和变化。这项工作将扩展我们对源自个人生活事件的非正式社会控制作为物质使用的潜在转折点的作用的理解。研究结果将为干预措施的制定提供信息，确定成年期有助于戒除药物滥用的关键影响。