Brain Structure Predictors of Substance Use in Adolescence

青春期物质使用的大脑结构预测因素

• 批准号: 8599761
• 负责人: Joanna Jacobus
• 金额: $ 5.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-01 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8599761
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Anisotropy; Anterior; Behavior; Biological; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Clinical assessments; Communication; Cost of Illness; Criminal Justice; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Drug usage; Fiber; Future; Healthcare; Image; Intervention; Investigation; Laboratories; Limbic System; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Marijuana Smoking; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Neurobiology; Personality; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention program; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Scanning; Structure; Substance Use Disorder; Synapses; System; Teenagers; Thick; Time; Tissues; addiction; adolescent substance use; design; disease transmission; emerging adult; follow-up; gray matter; high risk; improved; indexing; infancy; intervention program; myelination; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; prevent; relating to nervous system; white matter; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuroimaging studies have identified ongoing neural tissue development throughout adolescence and early adulthood. Increases in myelination and white matter (WM) integrity along with decreases in gray matter (GM) cortical thickness (e.g., pruning) are thought to strengthen synaptic connections and allow for efficient communication between brain regions. Adolescents are at increased risk for engaging in substance use behaviors, and problematic use often begins to peak during this developmental time period. The relationship between WM microstructural integrity and GM cortical thickness is only beginning to be explored in adolescent populations, with cross sectional studies showing relationships between substance misuse and both macrostructural and microstructural neural tissue status. Research has shown a large neurobiological component to risk taking behaviors during adolescence, however the link between the biological underpinnings of risky behaviors has not been clearly defined. It is possible that indices of WM integrity and GM cortical thickness used in conjunction will help us understand the predictive validity of two commonly used structural imaging measurements, particularly their utility in predicting future adolescent substance use. Therefore, this study will utilize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to examine the influence of WM integrity and GM cortical thickness on real world risk taking behaviors such as drug and alcohol use, measured over a 36-month interval in adolescents ages 16-18 at baseline. If empirical support exists for WM integrity and GM cortical thickness as predictors of substance use behaviors, these measures may be used to help identify teens at risk for substance use disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经影像学研究已确定整个青春期和成年早期神经组织的持续发育。髓鞘形成和白质（WM）完整性的增加以及灰质（GM）皮质厚度的减少（例如修剪）被认为可以加强突触连接并允许大脑区域之间的有效沟通。青少年从事物质使用行为的风险增加，并且有问题的使用通常在这个发育时期开始达到顶峰。 WM 微观结构完整性与 GM 皮质厚度之间的关系才刚刚开始在青少年群体中进行探索，横断面研究显示物质滥用与宏观结构和微观结构神经组织状态之间的关系。研究表明，青春期的冒险行为具有很大的神经生物学成分，但冒险行为的生物学基础之间的联系尚未明确界定。 WM 完整性和 GM 皮质厚度指数的结合使用可能有助于我们了解两种常用结构成像测量的预测有效性，特别是它们在预测未来青少年物质使用方面的效用。因此，本研究将利用扩散张量成像 (DTI) 和结构磁共振成像 (sMRI) 来检查 WM 完整性和 GM 皮质厚度对现实世界冒险行为（例如吸毒和酗酒）的影响，测量时间为 36 个月。基线时 16-18 岁青少年的间隔。如果经验支持 WM 完整性和 GM 皮质厚度作为物质使用行为的预测因素，那么这些措施可用于帮助识别有物质使用障碍风险的青少年。