Brain Structure Predictors of Substance Use in Adolescence

青春期物质使用的大脑结构预测因素

• 批准号: 8599761
• 负责人: Joanna Jacobus
• 金额: $ 5.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-01 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8599761
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Anisotropy; Anterior; Behavior; Biological; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Clinical assessments; Communication; Cost of Illness; Criminal Justice; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Drug usage; Fiber; Future; Healthcare; Image; Intervention; Investigation; Laboratories; Limbic System; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Marijuana Smoking; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Neurobiology; Personality; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention program; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Scanning; Structure; Substance Use Disorder; Synapses; System; Teenagers; Thick; Time; Tissues; addiction; adolescent substance use; design; disease transmission; emerging adult; follow-up; gray matter; high risk; improved; indexing; infancy; intervention program; myelination; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; prevent; relating to nervous system; white matter; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuroimaging studies have identified ongoing neural tissue development throughout adolescence and early adulthood. Increases in myelination and white matter (WM) integrity along with decreases in gray matter (GM) cortical thickness (e.g., pruning) are thought to strengthen synaptic connections and allow for efficient communication between brain regions. Adolescents are at increased risk for engaging in substance use behaviors, and problematic use often begins to peak during this developmental time period. The relationship between WM microstructural integrity and GM cortical thickness is only beginning to be explored in adolescent populations, with cross sectional studies showing relationships between substance misuse and both macrostructural and microstructural neural tissue status. Research has shown a large neurobiological component to risk taking behaviors during adolescence, however the link between the biological underpinnings of risky behaviors has not been clearly defined. It is possible that indices of WM integrity and GM cortical thickness used in conjunction will help us understand the predictive validity of two commonly used structural imaging measurements, particularly their utility in predicting future adolescent substance use. Therefore, this study will utilize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to examine the influence of WM integrity and GM cortical thickness on real world risk taking behaviors such as drug and alcohol use, measured over a 36-month interval in adolescents ages 16-18 at baseline. If empirical support exists for WM integrity and GM cortical thickness as predictors of substance use behaviors, these measures may be used to help identify teens at risk for substance use disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经影像学研究已经确定了整个青春期和成年早期的神经组织发展。髓鞘形成和白质（WM）完整性以及灰质（GM）皮质厚度（例如修剪）的减少被认为可以增强突触连接并允许在大脑区域之间有效地通信。青少年有增加从事药物使用行为的风险，并且在此发育时期，有问题的使用通常开始达到顶峰。 WM微结构完整性与GM皮质厚度之间的关系才刚刚在青少年种群中才开始探索，横截面研究表明滥用物质与宏结构和微观结构神经组织状态之间的关系。研究表明，在青春期中冒着冒险行为的大型神经生物学成分，但是尚未明确定义风险行为的生物基础之间的联系。 WM完整性和连接中使用的GM皮质厚度指标可能有助于我们了解两种常用的结构成像测量值的预测有效性，尤其是它们在预测未来青少年使用物质使用方面的实用性。因此，这项研究将利用扩散张量成像（DTI）和结构磁共振成像（SMRI）来检查WM完整性和GM皮层厚度对现实世界中的毒品和酒精使用行为（例如吸毒和饮酒等行为）的影响，在16-18的基线中，在36个月的间隔中测量了36个月间隔。如果存在对WM完整性和GM皮质厚度作为物质使用行为的预测指标的经验支持，则这些措施可用于帮助识别有药物使用障碍风险的青少年。