Mental Health of Latino Adolescent Who Migrate without a Parent: Understanding Risk and Identifying Resilience and Coping Strategies

没有父母陪伴的拉丁裔青少年的心理健康：了解风险并确定复原力和应对策略

• 批准号: 10585414
• 负责人: ROBERTO LEWIS-FERNANDEZ
• 金额: $ 72.08万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-09 至 2027-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10585414
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Adverse event; Affect; Age; Buffers; Chronic; Cognitive; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Coping Skills; Data; Development; Dislocations; Economics; Effectiveness; Equation; European; Event; Exhibits; Exposure to; Food deprivation (experimental); Fostering; Future; Health; Health Status; Hunger; Infrastructure; Intervention; Latin America; Latin American; Latino; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Migrant; Minor; Modeling; New York City; Outcome; Parents; Pattern; Phase; Pilot Projects; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Psychological Factors; Refugees; Reporting; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Social Network; Stress; Stressful Event; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; Teenagers; Testing; Textiles; Violence; Vulnerable Populations; Well in self; Work; Youth; cognitive capacity; cognitive function; community organizations; community setting; coping; depressive symptoms; deprivation; early adolescence; executive function; experience; follow-up; generalized anxiety; improved; improved outcome; innovation; migration; novel; novel strategies; physical conditioning; post-traumatic stress; psychologic; psychosocial; recruit; resilience; social; social factors; stressor

Exposure to food deprivation (e.g., hunger) and threat (violence) during mid-to-late adolescence (ages 15-19) can have a lasting impact on the mental and physical health of youth. However, the interplay—during this key developmental stage—of acute and chronic exposure to deprivation and threat with modifiable cognitive, psychological, and social factors is not well understood. Clarifying this interplay would help guide the creation of novel interventions that target specific, modifiable cognitive and social mechanisms during development. This is crucial for impacting youth at elevated risk for mental health problems because of markedly dislocating and stressful experiences, such as unaccompanied migration. Due to globalization, the number of unaccompanied minors is increasing dramatically, including in the US where 194,000 arrived from Latin America in October 2020- January 2022. Unaccompanied teen migrants are especially vulnerable to violence and hunger before, during, and after migration. Prior studies in refugee teens show increased risk of PTSD, depression, generalized anxiety, and substance use disorders. Post-resettlement stressors compound these risks. Threat and deprivation in early adolescence predict poor mental health and worsened cognitive capacity, especially executive functions, which continue to develop throughout adolescence. Importantly, not all youth who experience these adverse conditions develop mental health problems; thus, it is essential to identify which risk factors are particularly important and which coping strategies and community resources can buffer their effect. No study, to our knowledge, has examined the impact of all these factors in one comprehensive model among unaccompanied migrant youth. In partnership with community organizations in New York City, our pilot study (CAMINANDO) recruited 74 teens who migrated from Latin America as unaccompanied minors. We found poorer mental health (PTSD, generalized anxiety, depression) and executive functions were differentially associated with violence and hunger exposure. Initial qualitative data further suggest that supportive social networks post-resettlement help youths cope with the impact of migration. We propose CAMINANDO-Mental Health a parallel mixed-methods (QUANT- qual) longitudinal study (18-month follow-up) of 400 migrant youth (ages 16-19) that builds on the infrastructure of our pilot to: 1) examine the impact of exposure to threat and food deprivation (distinguishing acute from chronic exposures) on the mental health status of teens who migrated to the US as unaccompanied minors, and 2) assess how concurrent post-resettlement psychological (resilience, emotional well-being), cognitive (executive functions), and social (daily stressors, supports) factors affect mental health trajectories over 18 months in late adolescence. Our approach is innovative in that it: 1) includes concurrent potentially modifiable psychological, cognitive, and social factors in one model; 2) accounts for both acute and chronic food deprivation and threat; and 3) longitudinally examines the coping strategies and resource-use patterns of migrant teens in community settings. Study findings will inform strategies to improve outcomes for teens migrating as unaccompanied minors.

暴露于粮食剥夺（例如，饥饿）和威胁（暴力）中期至上青少年（15-19岁） 可以对青年的身心健康产生持久影响。但是，相互作用 - 在此键 发育阶段 - 急性和长期暴露于剥夺和威胁，具有可修改的认知， 心理和社会因素尚未得到充分理解。澄清此相互作用将有助于指导创建 在开发过程中针对特定，可修改的认知和社会机制的新颖干预措施。这是 对于影响年轻人的心理健康问题风险较高的至关重要，由于明显脱位和 压力很大的经历，例如无人陪伴的迁移。由于全球化，无人陪伴的数量 未成年人正在急剧增加，包括在美国，194,000年10月从拉丁美洲到达的美国。 2022年1月。无人陪伴的青少年移民特别容易受到暴力和饥饿的影响 并在迁移之后。对难民青少年的先前研究表明，PTSD，抑郁症，广义动画的风险增加， 和药物使用障碍。染色后压力源加剧了这些风险。早期威胁和剥夺 青少年预测心理健康不良，认知能力恶化，尤其是执行功能，这是 在整个青少年中继续发展。重要的是，并非所有经历这些不利条件的年轻人 发展心理健康问题；因此，必须确定哪些风险因素特别重要，并且 哪些耦合策略和社区资源可以缓解其效果。据我们所知，没有学习 在无人陪伴的移民青年中，在一个综合模型中检查了所有这些因素的影响。 与纽约市的社区组织合作，我们的试点研究（Caminando）招募了74 从拉丁美洲移民的青少年是无人陪伴的未成年人。我们发现心理健康较差（PTSD， 广义动画，抑郁）和行政功能与暴力和饥饿有所不同 接触。最初的定性数据进一步表明，支持性社交网络后染色后帮助年轻人 应对迁移的影响。我们提出Caminando-gental健康是平行的混合方法（Quant- 质量）对基础设施建立的400名移民青年（16-19岁）的纵向研究（18个月的随访） 我们的飞行员：1）检查暴露于威胁和食物剥夺的影响（将急性与慢性区分开 暴露）关于以无人陪伴的未成年人迁移到美国的青少年的心理健康状况，2） 评估同时染色后心理（韧性，情感幸福感），认知如何（执行官） 功能）和社会（日常压力，支持）因素影响心理健康轨迹，以期在18个月内 青少年。我们的方法具有创新性：1）包括并发的潜在可修改的心理， 认知和一个模型中的社会因素； 2）考虑急性和慢性粮食剥夺和威胁； 3）纵向研究社区中移民青少年的应对策略和资源使用模式 设置。研究结果将为策略提供依据，以改善作为无人陪伴的未成年人迁移的青少年的预后。