The Role of Risk Taking and Inhibitory Control on Alcohol Use in Maltreated Youth

冒险和抑制控制对受虐待青少年饮酒的作用

• 批准号: 8853218
• 负责人: Jacqueline Bruce
• 金额: $ 54.35万
• 依托单位: OREGON SOCIAL LEARNING CENTER, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-05 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8853218
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adverse event; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Behavioral; Caregivers; Caring; Child Welfare; Clinical; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Development; Dimensions; Documentation; Early identification; Exposure to; Future; General Population; Health; Knowledge; Low income; Mediating; Neurobiology; Parents; Pattern; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Populations at Risk; Preventive Intervention; Process; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk-Taking; Role; Sampling; Services; Severities; Specificity; System; Variant; Youth; base; cognitive process; critical period; design; early adolescence; early alcohol use; early onset; high risk; peer; physical neglect; prenatal exposure; relating to nervous system; sex

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Maltreated adolescents involved with the child welfare system (CWS) have typically encountered a host of early adverse experiences, including prenatal exposure to drugs and alcohol, neglectful and abusive care, and repeated caregiver transitions. Consequently, the rates of alcohol use and abuse are significantly elevated among these adolescents. Despite extensive documentation of increased alcohol use among maltreated adolescents, there are limited research findings to guide the development of targeted preventive intervention services for this population. Thus, consistent with the objectives of PA-10-255, the proposed study is designed to investigate the impact of specific early adverse experiences and the cognitive processes underlying behavioral regulation (i.e., risk taking and inhibitory control) on the developmental trajectories of alcohol use in maltreated adolescents and nonmaltreated adolescents. It has been argued that behavioral regulation is influenced by the activity of two neural systems-the ventral striatal system underlying risk taking and the prefrontal system underlying inhibitory control-and that a maturational imbalance between these neural systems contributes to the dramatic increase in alcohol use in adolescence. We will examine the developmental trajectories of risk taking and inhibitory control across adolescence and will investigate the impact of these cognitive processes on early-onset alcohol use in maltreated adolescents and their nonmaltreated peers. Because behavioral regulation is believed to underlie a number of externalizing problems, we will also determine whether deficits in these cognitive processes are related to early-onset alcohol use specifically or to externalizing problems more broadly. In addition, our prior research findings have shown that specific dimensions of early adverse experiences (e.g., severity of physical neglect and number of caregiver transitions) are associated with alterations in key neurobiological systems. Hence, we will investigate the impact of specific early adverse experiences on the developmental trajectories of risk taking, inhibitory control, and early-onset alcohol use. To accomplish these aims, we will assess risk-taking propensity and inhibitory control ability (via adolescent report, caregiver report, and behavioral and electrophysiological performance on tasks that activate specific neural systems) and early-onset alcohol use (via adolescent and caregiver reports) in 150 maltreated adolescents involved with the CWS and 150 low-income, nonmaltreated adolescents. We will collect four waves of data from early (12-13 years) to middle (15-16 years) adolescence to examine the developmental trajectories of risk taking, inhibitory control, and alcohol use across this critical period. The results of the proposed study will pinpoint specific cognitive processes to target in future preventive intervention services for the CWS and other at-risk populations. Additionally, these results will aid in the early identification of the maltreted adolescents most at risk for early-onset alcohol use.

描述（由申请人提供）：与儿童福利系统有关的虐待青少年（CWS）通常遇到了许多早期不良经历，包括产前暴露于药物和酒精，忽视和虐待的护理以及反复的护理人员过渡。因此，在这些青少年中，饮酒和滥用率显着提高。尽管虐待青少年中饮酒增加的大量证明，但研究结果有限，可以指导为该人群开发有针对性的预防干预服务。因此，与目标一致 在PA-10-255中，拟议的研究旨在研究特定的早期不良经历和行为调节的认知过程（即冒险和抑制性控制）对虐待青少年饮酒的发展轨迹的影响。有人认为，行为调节受两个神经系统的活性 - 腹侧纹状体系统的活性和抑制性控制基础的前额叶系统的影响，并且这些神经系统之间的成熟不平衡有助于青春期酒精使用的急剧增加。我们将研究整个青春期风险服用和抑制性控制的发展轨迹，并将研究这些认知过程对虐待青少年及其未熟练的同龄人对早期发作的酒精使用的影响。由于行为法规被认为是许多外部化问题的基础，因此我们还将确定这些认知过程中的缺陷是否与早期发作的酒精使用有关，或者更广泛地外在化问题。此外，我们先前的研究结果表明，早期不良经历的特定维度（例如，身体忽视的严重程度和照料者过渡的数量）与关键神经生物学系统的变化有关。因此，我们将研究特定早期不良经历对冒险，抑制性控制和早期饮酒的发展轨迹的影响。为了实现这些目标，我们将评估冒险倾向和抑制性控制能力（通过青少年报告，护理人员报告，以及在激活特定神经系统的任​​务上的行为和电生理表现）和早期饮酒（通过青少年和护理人员报告）在150名与CWS的虐待青少年相关的人（通过青少年和护理人员报告）和150个低含量和150个低含量的AD量。我们将收集从早期（12-13岁）到中期（15 - 16年）青春期的四个数据浪潮，以检查在这个关键时期的风险冒险，抑制控制和饮酒的发展轨迹。拟议的研究的结果将指出特定的认知过程，以针对CWS和其他高危人群的未来预防干预服务。此外，这些结果将有助于早期鉴定虐待虐待的青少年，最有可能早发饮酒的风险。