IVDIRM: A New Methodology for Examining Drug- and Alcohol-Impaired Driving

IVDIRM：一种检查药物和酒精驾驶的新方法

• 批准号: 8696487
• 负责人: Mark B Johnson
• 金额: $ 52.9万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-15 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8696487
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Americas; Automobile Driving; Biological Assay; Blood Vessels; Cannabis; Case-Control Studies; Communities; Complement; Data; Drug Controls; Drug usage; Feasibility Studies; Geographic state; Growth; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Instruction; Knowledge; Laws; Learning; Leg; Life; Light; Link; Liquid substance; Location; Marijuana; Marijuana Smoking; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Oral; Participant; Performance; Personality; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevalence; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Risk; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Self-Administered; Targeted Research; Testing; Time; United States; Vehicle crash; absorption; alcohol measurement; case control; design; driving behavior; drugged driving; impaired driving performance; in vivo; innovation; public health relevance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Drugged driving is an understudied issue, despite evidence that the prevalence of cannabis-involved drivers on America's roadway is raising. The potential that some states soon will legalize or further decriminalize cannabis use may exacerbate this. Yet the extent to which cannabis use impairs driving and elevates crash risk is not entirely clear. Although most crash-risk studies suggest significantly higher odds of crash involvement for cannabis-positive drivers, these findings are not universal. Further, even studies that do report elevated risk fail to accommodate the alternative explanation that the observed relationship between cannabis-involvement and crashes is spurious and explained wholly by individual differences in risk-taking (i.e., persons with a risk-taking personality are both more likely to take drugs and to drive recklessly). Finally, unique to this study is the opportunity to assess driving performance along the delta-9-terahydrocannabinol (THC) absorption/elimination curve (ascending versus descending). Because the subjective high and vascular effects of cannabis follow a counterclockwise hysteresis, the same concentration (ng/ml) of THC corresponds with two very different effects depending on whether the user is on the ascending or descending leg of curve. This is extremely valuable information given recent discussions in States legalizing marijuana use and determining drug per se levels for driving. Described herein is a new research methodology-the In-Vivo Driving Impairment Research Method-that has potential to fill gaps in the field's understanding of drug-involved driving. Proposed in this application is a study to test the feasibility of this new method.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管有证据表明美国巷道上涉及大麻的驾驶员的流行率正在增加。某些州很快将合法化或进一步将大麻使用合法化的潜力加剧了这一点。然而，大麻使用的程度损害驾驶和提高撞车风险的程度尚不完全清楚。尽管大多数碰撞风险研究表明，大麻阳性驱动因素的崩溃参与几率明显更高，但这些发现并非普遍。此外，即使是报告升高风险的研究也无法适应替代的解释，即观察到的大麻参与和崩溃之间的关系是虚假的，并且由于冒险性格的个体差异而完全解释（即具有冒险性格的人都更有可能服用毒品和鲁ck驱动）。最后，这项研究的独特之处在于有机会评估沿Delta-9-terahydrocannabinol（THC）吸收/消除曲线（上升与下降）的驾驶性能。由于大麻的主观高和血管效应遵循逆时针滞后，因此THC的相同浓度（Ng/ml）与两个非常不同的效果相对应，具体取决于用户是在曲线上升还是下降的阶段。鉴于在使大麻使用合法化并确定驾驶水平的州合法化的州的最新讨论中，这是非常有价值的信息。本文描述的是一种新的研究方法论 - 体内驾驶障碍研究方法 - 有可能填补该领域对药物涉及驾驶的理解的空白。在此应用程序中提出的是一项研究，以测试这种新方法的可行性。