Testing alcohol prevention strategies using high validity-field experiments

使用高有效性现场实验测试酒精预防策略

基本信息

批准号：
7989008
负责人：
Mark B Johnson
金额：
$ 23.16万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-01 至 2012-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7989008
关键词：
Adoption Affect Alcohol consumption Alcohols Applied Research Bibliography Blood Blood alcohol level measurement Breath Tests Cessation of life Collection Communities Data Development Dose Environment Evaluation Evaluation Research Exercise Grant Growth Head Health Injury Intervention Interview Laboratory Study Literature Location Measurement Measures Methodology Methods Nature Participant Performance Persons Prevention Prevention Research Prevention program Prevention strategy Publications Research Research Design Research Institute Research Methodology Research Personnel Risk Behaviors Sampling Scientist Solutions Survey Methodology Surveys Task Performances Techniques Testing Vacuum Variant alcohol prevention base breath alcohol measurement burden of illness college design drinking drinking behavior effective intervention eye hand coordination field study field survey flexibility high risk drinking public health relevance research study theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol consumption remains a leading cause of injury and death around the world, and the development of effective, replicable, and theory-based interventions and prevention programs is one solution for reducing the negative effect of drinking. The development of rigorous methodologies for testing new theories and for evaluating intervention activities is essential for further growth in the alcohol-harm prevention field. There are limits, however, to current and widely used methodologies. Laboratory studies, for example, offer considerable scientific control but typically occur within an ecological vacuum, void of the real-world contexts, factors, and forces that affect risky-drinking decisions. Intervention strategies found to be effective in the lab may not function as well "in the field." Conversely, field studies and applied research methods often lack experimental control, such as random assignment to conditions. The field of prevention research would benefit greatly from the adoption of methodologies that allow scientists to exercise experimental control within the context of real- world, high-risk drinking and drugging environments. This application proposes two studies designed to test the feasibility of a new methodology for studying drinking behavior: a field experiment with objective measures of drinking behavior and an alcohol-dosing study. The proposed methodology has evolved from studies done by the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation in creating and using field survey techniques. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Alcohol contributes an estimated 4% to the world's disease burden resulting in almost 2 million deaths per year. Developing and identifying effective interventions and prevention programs is one approach to reducing alcohol-related harm. This application describes a new research methodology designed to grant prevention researchers both rigorous experiment control and high-ecological validity. If found to be feasible, this method could promote the development of new strategies for reducing alcohol-related harm.

描述（由申请人提供）：饮酒仍然是世界各地受伤和死亡的主要原因，而有效，可复制和基于理论的干预措施和预防计划的发展是减少饮酒的负面影响的一种解决方案。用于测试新理论和评估干预活动的严格方法的发展对于预防酗酒预防领域的进一步增长至关重要。但是，对于当前且广泛使用的方法有限制。例如，实验室研究提供了相当大的科学控制，但通常发生在生态真空中，这些真空缺失了影响风险饮酒决策的现实环境，因素和力量。被发现在实验室中有效的干预策略可能“在现场”也无法正常运行。相反，现场研究和应用研究方法通常缺乏实验控制，例如对条件的随机分配。预防研究领域将受益于采用方法论，这些方法使科学家能够在现实世界，高风险饮酒和吸毒环境的背景下进行实验控制。该应用程序提出了两项研究，旨在测试一种研究饮酒行为的新方法的可行性：一项具有客观饮酒行为和酒精剂量研究的现场实验。拟议的方法论是从太平洋研究所进行的研究和使用现场调查技术进行的研究演变而来的。公共卫生相关性：酒精估计贡献了4％的世界疾病负担，每年导致近200万人死亡。制定和识别有效的干预措施和预防计划是减少与酒精相关的伤害的一种方法。该应用程序描述了一种新的研究方法，旨在授予预防研究人员严格的实验控制和高生态有效性。如果发现可行的话，这种方法可以促进减少酒精相关危害的新策略的发展。