Translating Drinking and Driving Risk Information into Risk Perception

将酒后驾驶风险信息转化为风险认知

基本信息

批准号：
8695255
负责人：
Mark B Johnson
金额：
$ 32.63万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-08-20 至 2016-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8695255
关键词：
Address Affect Affective Alcohol consumption Alcohols Attitude Automobile Driving Awareness Basic Science Behavior Behavioral Cessation of life Cognition Cognitive Cognitive Science Decision Making Development Dose Education Emotional Evaluation Goals Health Individual Information Dissemination Injury Intervention Judgment Knowledge Laboratory Study Legal Mediating Mental Processes Methods Modeling Motivation Myopia Participant Patient Self-Report Persuasive Communication Phase Prevention Procedures Process Public Health Relative (related person)Research Research Personnel Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Role Safety Science Scientist Series Staging Stimulus Structure Testing Translating Translations United States base behavior change drinking experience falls high risk drinking in vivo novel strategies programs public education public health relevance research study response risk perception theories tool trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent developments in cognitive science present researchers with new opportunities for explaining risky behavior (such as drinking and driving) and identifying mechanisms for engendering behavioral change. This is important as there is little evidence to suggest that commonly used intervention strategies-public information and education-alone effectively reduce risk, particularly when audiences perceive benefits to continuing the risky behavior. Public information may often fall short in changing behavior because the risk information fails to translate into subjective risk perception. One possible impediment to this translation is that didactic information affects cognition at the explicit level whereas behavioral choice is heavily influenced by cognition operating on the implicit level. A second possible impediment is that under certain in vivo motivational conditions, recipients of risk information engage in cognitive responding to mitigate the influence of that risk information. A third possible impediment is messages that fail to engage affective responses, that is, they may fail to make recipients feel at risk. Finally, regarding risky drinking specifically, alcohol consumption has been found to influence what information people attend to in forming judgments and making decisions. Thus, the act of drinking might impede the use of risk information in deciding whether to drink and drive. This application describes an ambitious series of studies. The research first will demonstrate that the subtle manipulation of subjects' goals (represented as implicit cognitive structures) can temporarily alter attitudes towards alcohol and self-reported drinking-and-driving intentions. Second, the research will show that alcohol consumption (via the phenomenon of alcohol myopia) exacerbates the effect of cognitive manipulation. Thus, subtly priming the goal of safety should reduce drinking-and-driving intentions, particularly for individuals who have been dosed with alcohol. Third, the research will show that communicating risk information through implicit methods (versus explicit methods) circumvents cognitive response strategies that people use to resist persuasive influence. Finally, the research will demonstrate that the impact of risk information is significanly greater when participants are led to misattribute emotional responses to the message information.

描述（由申请人提供）：认知科学的最新发展为研究人员提供了解释风险行为（例如饮酒和驾驶）的新机会，并确定了引起行为改变的机制。这很重要，因为很少有证据表明，常用的干预策略 - 公共信息和教育有效地降低了风险，尤其是当观众认为继续危险行为时。公共信息通常在改变行为方面可能会缺乏，因为风险信息无法转化为主观风险感知。这种翻译的一种可能的障碍是教学信息会在明确的水平上影响认知，而行为选择受到隐性级别运行的认知的严重影响。第二可能的障碍是，在某些体内动机条件下，风险信息的接受者参与认知响应以减轻风险信息的影响。第三可能的障碍是无法参与情感反应的信息，也就是说，他们可能无法使接收者感到有风险。最后，关于有风险的饮酒，已经发现饮酒会影响人们在形成判断和做出决定方面所关注的信息。因此，饮酒行为可能会阻碍风险信息在决定是否喝酒和开车时使用。该应用描述了一系列雄心勃勃的研究。该研究首先将表明，对受试者目标（表示为隐性认知结构）的微妙操纵可以暂时改变对酒精和自我报告的饮酒意图的态度。其次，该研究将表明，饮酒（通过酒精近视现象）加剧了认知操纵的影响。因此，巧妙地启动安全的目标应减少饮酒意图，特别是对于服用酒精剂量的人。第三，研究将表明，通过隐式方法（与明确方法）传达风险信息，规定了人们用来抵抗说服力影响的认知反应策略。最后，研究将表明，当参与者被错误地对消息信息的情感响应造成情绪反应时，风险信息的影响会更大。