Dynamic Visual Activity in Temporal Cortex

颞叶皮层的动态视觉活动

• 批准号: 8693371
• 负责人: DAVID L SHEINBERG
• 金额: $ 47.61万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8693371
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Animals; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Blindness; Brain; Cells; Complex; Data; Development; Disease; Environment; Evolution; Exhibits; Face; Familiarity; Future; Goals; Individual; Inferior; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Link; Literature; Measurable; Medical; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Modification; Neurons; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Play; Population; Primates; Process; Property; Public Health; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; Study models; Synaptic plasticity; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; awake; base; behavior influence; biological systems; burden of illness; cell type; coping; excitatory neuron; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; falls; in vivo; information processing; inhibitory neuron; innovation; neocortical; neural circuit; neuroregulation; novel; optogenetics; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; repaired; research study; response; tool; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mounting evidence shows that functional connections between the cellular building blocks within the brain actively reorganize, even in the mature brain. Even so, this view is not yet universally accepted in part because tracking these changes in the awake, behaving animal is technically challenging. Further complicating the question of changes in single neuron properties with experience is the fact that cortex comprises many cell types, and recent data from the applicant's laboratory has revealed that plasticity may be expressed differentially across these populations. This proposal focuses on vision as a powerful model system for exploring the role that plasticity plays in normal brain function. The general hypothesis to be tested is that effective visual processing relies on experience driven, adaptive firing patterns of neurons within the inferior temporal cortex (IT), and that this experience leads to differential physiological changes in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. These changes, in turn, support measurable behavioral advantages. Although changes in neural responses are typically slow, artificial control of neural activity can induce modification more rapidly, and this modified activity can guide visually directed behavior. The proposed experiments will support efforts aimed at reviving or augmenting adaptive responses in higher-level visual areas. The proposal has three fundamental aims. The first aim is to clearly demonstrate impact of long-term familiarity on visual processing for multiple object classes. The strategy for accomplishing this aim will be to track performance in a speeded recognition tasks with well-known and trial unique stimuli. The second aim is to determine how visual experience affects stimulus encoding by neurons in anterior IT cortex. This will be achieved by tracking single neuron and small population activity by combining recording of activity across spatial scales and using carefully generated visual stimuli during the tasks developed in the first aim. The final aim is to directly manipulate neuron activity in temporal cortex to control plasticity. This aim will leverage optogenetic stimulation methods already in use in the applicant's laboratory to affect neural responses on single trials in order to induce the kinds of plasticity observed in the second aim. Together, the results of this work will help bridge the large literature on synaptic plasticity at he cellular level with visual behavior in primates. An important specific focus of these studies will e to identify stimulus, task, and physiological conditions under which both excitatory and inhibitory neurons adapt their responses through long-term experience, and to show how this plasticity can positively influence behavior. That visual experience can profoundly alter visual object representations in IT is of critical importance to efforts directed at repair of the visual system nd in understanding development disorders. Using an innovative set of tools and approaches, the projects in this proposal will emphasize the need to carefully track cellular activity in behaving animals, using complex and demanding real world tasks, with a level of resolution that will likely prove essential for future studies, and models, of higher brain function.

描述（由申请人提供）：安装证据表明，即使在成熟的大脑中，大脑中细胞构建块之间的功能连接也会积极重组。即便如此，这种观点尚未普遍接受，部分原因是跟踪清醒中的这些变化，行为在技术上具有挑战性。进一步使单个神经元特性变化的问题与经验相比，皮质包括许多细胞类型，而来自申请人实验室的最新数据表明，这些人群可以在这些人群中差异表达可塑性。该提案集中于视觉作为强大的模型系统，用于探索可塑性在正常大脑功能中的作用。要测试的一般假设是，有效的视觉处理依赖于经验驱动的，自适应的触发模式，在下颞皮层（IT）中，这种体验导致 兴奋性和抑制神经元的差异生理变化。这些变化反过 支持可衡量的行为优势。尽管神经反应的变化通常会缓慢，但人工控制神经活动可以更快地诱导修饰，并且这种修改 活动可以指导视觉行为。拟议的实验将支持旨在恢复或增强高级视觉区域的适应性反应的努力。该提案具有三个基本目标。第一个目的是清楚地证明长期熟悉程度对多个对象类的视觉处理的影响。实现此目标的策略将是在具有众所周知和试验的独特刺激的快速识别任务中跟踪性能。第二个目的是确定视觉体验如何影响神经元前皮层中神经元编码的刺激。这将通过跟踪单个神经元和较小的种群活动来实现这一目标，通过在第一个目标中开发的任务中使用精心生成的视觉刺激来结合活动的记录，并使用精心产生的视觉刺激。最终目的是直接操纵颞皮质中的神经元活性以控制可塑性。该目标将利用申请人实验室中已经使用的光遗传学刺激方法影响单个试验的神经反应，以诱导第二个目标中观察到的可塑性。总之，这项工作的结果将有助于桥接有关在HE细胞水平的突触可塑性的大量文献，并在灵长类动物的视觉行为上桥接。这些研究的一个重要特定重点将E识别刺激和抑制性的刺激，任务和生理条件 神经元通过长期经验来适应其反应，并展示这种可塑性如何积极影响行为。这种视觉体验可以深刻地改变其中的视觉对象表示，对于旨在修复视觉系统和理解发育障碍的努力至关重要。该提案中的项目使用创新的工具和方法，将强调需要使用复杂且苛刻的现实世界任务仔细跟踪行为动物的细胞活动，并具有一定程度的解决方案，这可能对未来的研究，模型，更高的大脑功能至关重要。