Neural predictors of risky driving and susceptibility to peer influences in adole

阿多危险驾驶和对同伴影响敏感性的神经预测因子

• 批准号: 8512122
• 负责人: Emily Falk
• 金额: $ 18.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8512122
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Affective; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Brain; Buffers; Cause of Death; Charge; Cognitive; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Coupled; Data; Development; Distress; Elements; Emotions; Environment; Exclusion; Feeling; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Health; Individual Differences; Injury; Investigation; Lead; Licensing; Light; Measures; Monitor; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Participant; Policies; Predisposition; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Randomized; Recruitment Activity; Research; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Simulate; Speed; System; Targeted Research; Teenagers; Vehicle crash; Work; cognitive control; driving behavior; effective intervention; indexing; intervention program; neuroimaging; peer; peer influence; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; social; teen driving; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and a major contributor to non-fatal injury in adolescents 1, 2. Teen drivers' crash risk is especially high in the presence of teen passengers3-6. Peer influences are pervasive, powerful, especially salient during adolescence and associated with health-risk behaviors7, but the variability and mechanisms involved are not well understood8. One factor that may promote risky behavior in adolescence is a possible imbalance in brain development between affective and cognitive control systems8-10, resulting not only in riskier choices overall, but also increased reward activity during risk taking in the presence of peers11, and heightened sensitivity to social rejection12,13. In this investigation, we aim to elucidate neurocognitive predictors of: (1) risky teen driving; (2) susceptibility to peer influence in the context of teen driving; and (3) the ability to overcome risky peer influence. To achieve these aims, we propose to integrate neuroimaging (fMRI) measures into a currently funded study that experimentally manipulates peer influences in a state-of-the-art driving simulator. Main outcomes include behaviors in the simulator that are associated with high rates of injury and fatality in real drivig contexts (a composite of speeding, close following distances, traffic light violations). We hypothesize that: [(1a) increased activity in neural reward systems during a risk- taking task14, and (1b) decreased activity in cognitive control systems during a response inhibition task15, in the fMRI environment will predict higher propensity .toward risky-driving behaviors in the simulator; (2a) increased reward activity during the risk task14, and (2b) increased neural activity in regions associated with distress during exclusion16 in the neuroimaging environment will predict increased susceptibility to risk taking in the presence of peers in the driving simulator; and (3) increased neural activity in cognitive control systems will predict decreased susceptibility to peer influence in the driving simulator], as cognitive control systems could serv to buffer negative affective responses during socially threatening situations, and could also serve to reduce the impact of reward responses induced by taking risks in the presence of peers.11 As such, we hypothesize that [reward and social distress sensitivity, as well as a tendency to recruit cognitive control resources will interact with the social situation to render adolescents differentially susceptible to behaviors that put them at risk for crash in the presence of peers]. Preliminary data collected using key elements of the proposed protocol are consistent with our hypotheses [and suggest that neural measures explain variance in key outcomes that is not explained otherwise]. The proposed research will increase understanding of the mechanisms that lead to variability in risky behavior in adolescents, as well as mechanisms of peer influence and ability to resist such influence. Individual differences in neurocognitive resources may not only interact with the social situation to promote risk, but may also serve to buffer social vulnerability to risk; this work may eventually allow us to develop more effective programs that efficiently reduce risk across multiple domains.

描述（由申请人提供）：汽车撞车是死亡的主要原因，也是青少年1、2的非致命伤害造成非致命伤害的主要因素。同伴的影响是普遍的，强大的，尤其是在青春期和与健康风险行为相关的显着性7，但是所涉及的可变性和机制尚未很好地理解8。可能促进青春期冒险行为的一个因素是情感和认知控制系统之间的大脑发展可能不平衡8-10，这不仅导致了风险更大的选择，而且还增加了在同伴存在下冒险时增加奖励活动，并提高了敏感性。社会拒绝12,13。在这项调查中，我们旨在阐明：（1）有风险的青少年驾驶的神经认知预测因素； （2）在青少年驾驶的背景下对同伴影响的敏感性； （3）克服风险的同伴影响力的能力。为了实现这些目标，我们建议将神经影像学（fMRI）措施整合到当前资助的研究中，该研究通过实验操纵最先进的驾驶模拟器中的同伴影响。主要结果包括模拟器中的行为，这些行为与实际Drivig环境中的高伤害和死亡率相关（速度的综合，紧随距离之后，违反交通信号灯）。我们假设：[（1a）在冒险任务中，神经奖励系统中的活动增加14，以及（1b）在响应抑制任务期间认知控制系统中的活动减少，在功能磁共振成像环境中，在响应抑制任务中，将预测更高的倾向。模拟器中的行为； （2a）在风险任务中增加奖励活动14和（2b）（2B）在神经成像环境中与遇险相关的地区的神经活动增加将预测在驾驶模拟器中存在同伴存在风险的敏感性增加； （3）认知控制系统中的神经活动增加将预测驾驶模拟器中对同伴影响的敏感性降低]，因为认知控制系统可以在社会威胁性的情况下缓解负面情感反应，还可以减少奖励的影响。 11因此，我们假设[奖励和社会苦恼敏感性以及招募认知控制资源的趋势将与社会状况相互作用，以使青少年差异化受到使人的行为的影响他们在面前有撞车的风险 同龄人]。使用拟议协议的关键要素收集的初步数据与我们的假设一致[并表明神经测量解释了关键结果的差异，但没有另外解释]。拟议的研究将增加对导致青少年风险行为变化的机制的理解，以及同伴影响力和抵抗这种影响的能力的机制。神经认知资源的个体差异不仅可能与社会状况相互作用以促进风险，还可以缓解社会脆弱性的风险；这项工作最终可能使我们能够开发更有效的计划，从而有效地降低多个领域的风险。