Attentional control by uncertainty and reward: parietal and frontal mechanisms

不确定性和奖励的注意力控制：顶叶和额叶机制

• 批准号: 8348319
• 负责人: Jacqueline Gottlieb
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8348319
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Animals; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cognitive; Commit; Complex; Cues; Decision Making; Discrimination; Disease; Eye Movements; Family; Future; Goals; Health; Human; Individual; Lead; Learning; Lesion; Link; Macaca mulatta; Machine Learning; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Neurons; Organism; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Perception; Physiological; Probability; Process; Property; Rattus; Relative (related person); Resources; Rewards; Rodent; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; System; Testing; Uncertainty; Visual; Visual attention; Weight; addiction; attentional modulation; base; clinically significant; directed attention; discounting; expectation; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; improved; innovation; lateral intraparietal area; nonhuman primate; novel; oculomotor; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To act adaptively in complex worlds, animals require the ability identify relevant information, which helps improve their predictions and reduce the uncertainty of future actions. The selection of relevant information is accomplished by systems of attention, which have been intensively investigated in the visual domain. These studies have focused on attentional modulations of sensory perception and on mechanisms of oculomotor target selection. However, less is known about the cognitive mechanisms of attentional control: how does the brain identify stimuli that are "relevant" or "attention worthy" in a given task? Evidence from computational and behavioral studies suggests that relevance depends both on the reward associations and on the informational properties of a sensory cue. However, informational properties (uncertainty, new information) are investigated mostly in studies of learning, while studies of oculomotor control focus on the role of reward. Thus it is unknown how the brain computes relevance based on both the reward and informational constraints of a task. In the oculomotor system, two areas implicated in attentional control are the frontal eye field (FEF) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). However, studies of these areas have focused on their role in target selection rather than computing relevance per se. In addition, these studies reveal very similar responses in FEF and LIP, raising questions regarding their specific roles. Here we aim to answer these questions by using a combination of single neuron recordings and reversible inactivation and explicitly comparing FEF and LIP. We seek to understand (1) how is target selection in FEF and LIP influenced by reliability/uncertainty and redundancy/new information, (2) how are these variables related to expected reward and (3) whether LIP/FEF have distinct contributions to discounting redundant information and attending to reliable versus uncertain cues. The studies are innovative in that they link two topics that have been pursued in isolation, the study of attention on one hand and that of learning and statistical inference on the other, and directly compare the functions of FEF and LIP. The studies have high clinical significance since attentional disturbances are strong in many psychiatric disorders including attention deficit disorder, depression and addiction. Thus, the studies will lead to an integrated theory of attentional control based on reward and uncertainty reduction, processes that are core for decision making in both health and disease. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The ability to attend to relevant stimuli is critical for normal decision making and is impaired in many psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit disorder, depression and addiction. Converging evidence suggests that attention is controlled jointly by reward and by the uncertainty/information a stimulus may bring, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In addition, it is not known what the distinct contributions of parietal and frontal areas are in attentional control. Using single neuron recordings in the monkey oculomotor system, we seek to understand how uncertainty and reward interact in controlling attention and what are the distinct contributions of the parietal and the frontal lobes

描述（由申请人提供）：为了在复杂的世界中适应行动，动物需要能力识别相关信息，这有助于改善其预测并减少未来行动的不确定性。相关信息的选择是通过关注系统来完成的，这些系统已在视觉领域进行了深入研究。这些研究集中在感官感知的注意调制和眼动靶选择机制上。但是，对注意力控制的认知机制知之甚少：大脑如何识别给定任务中“相关”或“值得关注”的刺激？计算和行为研究的证据表明，相关性既取决于奖励关联和感觉提示的信息特性。但是，在学习研究中主要研究了信息属性（不确定性，新信息），而动眼控制的研究则集中在奖励的作用上。因此，尚不清楚大脑如何根据任务的奖励和信息限制来计算相关性。在动眼系统中，涉及注意力控制的两个区域是额眼场（FEF）和侧面室内区域（LIP）。但是，对这些领域的研究集中在其在目标选择中的作用，而不是计算相关性本身。此外，这些研究揭示了FEF和LIP的反应非常相似，从而提出了有关其特定角色的问题。在这里，我们的目的是通过结合单个神经元记录和可逆失活以及明确比较FEF和LIP的结合来回答这些问题。我们寻求了解（1）FEF和唇部的目标选择如何受到可靠性/不确定性和冗余/新信息的影响，（2）这些变量与预期奖励有何关系以及（3）Lip/FEF是否对折扣冗余信息以及对可靠的线索和不确定线索有不同的贡献。这些研究具有创新性，因为它们链接了两个孤立的主题，一方面的关注研究以及对学习和统计推断的主题 其他，并直接比较FEF和LIP的功能。这项研究具有很高的临床意义，因为注意力缺陷障碍，抑郁和成瘾在内的许多精神疾病中的注意力障碍很强。因此，这些研究将基于奖励和降低不确定性，这是健康和疾病决策的核心过程，从而导致注意力控制的综合理论。 公共卫生相关性：参与相关刺激的能力对于正常决策至关重要，并且在许多精神疾病中受到损害，包括注意力缺陷障碍，抑郁症和成瘾。融合的证据表明，注意是通过奖励和刺激可能带来的不确定性/信息共同控制的，但对基本机制几乎不知道。此外，尚不清楚顶叶和额叶区域的不同贡献在注意力控制方面。使用猴子眼动物系统中的单个神经元录音，我们试图了解不确定性和奖励在控制注意力方面如何相互作用以及顶叶和额叶的独特贡献是什么