Parietal mechanisms of vision and attention

视觉和注意力的顶叶机制

• 批准号: 6771724
• 负责人: Jacqueline Gottlieb
• 金额: $ 30.33万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-03 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6771724
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; attention; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain mapping; neural information processing; neuropharmacology; parietal lobe /cortex; sensory discrimination; sensory signal detection; visual fields; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The parietal cortex is critically important for the control of spatial attention. In humans, unilateral damage to the parietal lobe can cause severe contralateral neglect - a syndrome characterized by failure to notice and orient toward objects contralateral to the lesioned hemisphere. The difficulties in neglect represent deficits of attention rather than sensory or motor deficits. In non-human primates, research has focused primarily on the role of the parietal cortex in the control of movement, in particular exploratory movements of the eye, arm or hand. Much less is known about the parietal mechanisms of attention and vision. The long-term goal of research in my laboratory is to determine the parietal mechanisms underlying vision and attention independently of movement. The proposed experiments will use neurophysiological experiments in conjunction with behavioral testing in awake, behaving monkeys. In some experiments neural activity is recorded while monkeys perform psychophysical tasks designed to measure attention. In other experiments, minute amounts of drugs are injected into the area analyzed, which temporarily silence this area, and the behavioral effects of such transient inactivation are measured. These experiments will allow us to characterize the neural activity associated with visual attention and the importance of a particular set of neurons for directing attention. We will concentrate on a subdivision of monkey posterior parietal cortex known as the lateral intraparietal area. Although evidence suggests that this area is important for vision and attention, its specific contributions have never been investigated. The experiments are designed to determine the impact of this parietal area on three aspects of vision that are strongly dependent on attention: the detection of isolated objects within the field of view (Aim 1); the discrimination of individual objects in crowded visual environments (Aim 2); and the orienting of attention based on voluntary factors and physical salience (endogenous and exogenous cues, respectively; Aim 3). The results are expected to significantly advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of attention and to bring us closer toward establishing an animal model of neglect.

描述（由申请人提供）：顶叶皮层对于控制空间注意力至关重要。在人类中，对顶叶的单方面损害可能会引起严重的对侧疏忽 - 一种综合征，其特征是未注意并向对物体的对象与与病变半球相对的物体进行定向。忽视的困难代表着注意力的缺陷，而不是感觉或运动缺陷。在非人类灵长类动物中，研究主要集中于顶叶皮层在控制运动中的作用，特别是眼睛，手臂或手的探索性运动。对关注和视力的顶叶机制知之甚少。在我的实验室中研究的长期目标是确定远景和关注的顶叶机制独立于运动。提出的实验将使用神经生理学实验与醒来的行为测试结合使用，行为猴子。在某些实验中，记录了神经活动，而猴子执行旨在衡量注意力的心理物理任务。在其他实验中，将少量药物注入分析的区域，该区域暂时使该区域保持沉默，并测量了这种短暂失活的行为效应。这些实验将使我们能够表征与视觉注意力相关的神经活动以及一组特定神经元引导注意力的重要性。我们将集中于猴子后顶叶皮层的细分，称为侧面室内区域。尽管有证据表明该领域对于视力和关注很重要，但从未研究过其具体贡献。这些实验旨在确定该顶区域对视力的三个方面的影响，这些方面强烈依赖于注意力：在视野内检测孤立的物体（AIM 1）；在拥挤的视觉环境中歧视单个对象（AIM 2）；以及基于自愿因素和身体显着性（分别内源性和外源线索； AIM 3）的注意力方向。预计结果将大大提高我们对关注神经机制的理解，并使我们更加接近建立忽视动物模型。