Neural mechanisms of long-term planning

长期规划的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
7963394
负责人：
Jacqueline Gottlieb
金额：
$ 8.05万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-01 至 2012-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7963394
关键词：
Address Animals Area Attention Attention Deficit Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Automobile Driving Behavior Brain Cognition Complex Conflict (Psychology)Decision Making Decision Trees Disease Ensure Etiology Evaluation Event Eye Movements Faculty Functional disorder Future Gambling Goals Home environment Human Ice Cream Impairment Incentives Individual Knowledge Laboratories Lateral Lead Link Longitudinal Studies Mental disorders Monkeys Motor Neurons Organism Outcome Parietal Parietal Lobe Probability Psyche structure Relative (related person)Retirement Rewards Sensory Stimulus Task Performances Time addiction base discount drinking frontal lobe human subject insight interest lateral intraparietal area neuromechanism nonhuman primate oculomotor problem drinker public health relevance research study response

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To make adaptive decisions, animals require sophisticated mechanisms for tracking the desirability, magnitude and probability of an outcome. In addition, animals must integrate outcome information over multiple time scales, and must have the capacity to orient not only toward immediate but also toward delayed rewards. For humans, nearly every decision requires some form of advance planning, on time scales that can range from relatively short (going to the store in order to get an ice cream) to the exceptionally long (investing money now in order to retire in several decades). The capacity for planning is critical for normal behavior, and impairments in this faculty can have devastating consequences. Two major psychiatric disorders - attention deficit disorder and addiction - have been associated with planning deficits and with dysfunction in frontal and parietal cortical areas. However, despite the importance of long-term planning, the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we address this question using a sequential decision making task in conjunction with single- neuron recording in monkey lateral intra-parietal area (LIP). The task requires monkeys to choose between two alternative strategies - a suboptimal strategy oriented toward an immediate reward, and an optimal strategy oriented toward a final (delayed) reward. While prior studies have focused on ordering and timing mechanisms during sequential actions, here we focus on the underlying decisional - action evaluation - computations. How does the brain assign value to an action, based on a future (projected) reward that only arrives after multiple intervening sensory and motor events? How does the brain distinguish between actions that are and those that are not critical for obtaining a delayed reward? And finally, how does the brain resolve inter-temporal conflict, foregoing an immediate reward in order to remain focused on the final goal? While most prior studies have focused on the frontal cortex, here we record from the parietal lobe which, together with frontal areas, is likely to be critical for advance planning. Thus the proposed experiments extend our knowledge of the decision mechanisms required for long-term planning in a broader cortical network. These studies are necessary for a mechanistic understanding of long-term planning and its breakdown during mental disorders. 1 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The capacity for long-term planning is critical for normal decision making. Impairments in planning are thought to be part of the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit disorders and addiction. While studies of long-term planning have been carried out in human subjects, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain largely unknown. The present experiment probes the mechanisms by which the brain assigns action value based on delayed, rather than immediate rewards during a sequential decision making task. The goal is to provide a detailed understanding of planning mechanisms during normal behavior and mental illness. 1

描述（由申请人提供）：为了做出自适应决策，动物需要复杂的机制来跟踪结果的可取性，幅度和概率。此外，动物必须在多个时间尺度上整合结果信息，并且必须具有使能力不仅可以立即倾向，而且还必须朝着延迟奖励方向。对于人类来说，几乎每个决定都需要某种形式的预先计划，按时间尺度，从相对较短（去商店以获取冰淇淋）到异常长的时间（现在要投资于几十年来退休）。计划的能力对于正常行为至关重要，并且该教师的障碍可能会带来毁灭性的后果。两种主要的精神疾病 - 注意力缺陷障碍和成瘾 - 与计划缺陷以及额叶和顶层皮质区域的功能障碍有关。然而，尽管长期计划的重要性，但基本的神经机制知之甚少。在这里，我们使用连续决策任务与猴子侧向内部区域（LIP）中的单神经元记录一起解决这个问题。该任务要求猴子在两种替代策略之间进行选择 - 一种以次优策略为导向直接奖励的策略，以及针对最终（延迟）奖励的最佳策略。虽然先前的研究集中在顺序作用过程中的订购和时机机制上，但在这里我们专注于基本的决策 - 行动评估 - 计算。大脑如何根据只有在多次中间感觉和运动事件后才能到达的未来（预计）奖励将价值分配给一个动作？大脑如何区分那些动作和对获得延迟奖励至关重要的行动？最后，大脑如何解决时间间的冲突，前面是立即的奖励，以保持专注于最终目标？尽管大多数先前的研究都集中在额叶皮层上，但在这里我们从顶叶记录下来，与额叶区域一起，对于提前计划至关重要。因此，提出的实验扩展了我们对更广泛的皮质网络中长期计划所需的决策机制的了解。这些研究对于对长期计划及其在精神障碍期间的破裂的机械理解是必要的。 1 公共卫生相关性：长期计划的能力对于正常决策至关重要。计划障碍被认为是精神疾病病因的一部分，包括注意力缺陷障碍和成瘾。尽管对人类受试者进行了长期计划的研究，但潜在的神经元机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。本实验探究了大脑根据延迟分配动作值的机制，而不是在连续决策任务中立即奖励。目标是在正常行为和精神疾病期间对计划机制提供详细的了解。 1