Effect of nicotine and/or tobacco withdrawal on cognition and brain function

尼古丁和/或烟草戒断对认知和脑功能的影响

• 批准号: 8336451
• 负责人: Stephen Heishman
• 金额: $ 37.08万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8336451
• 关键词: 18 year old; Abstinence; Adrenal Glands; Alcohol dependence; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Chronic; Cigarette; Cognition; Cognitive; Control Groups; Development; Drug Addiction; Hormonal; Illicit Drugs; Marijuana; Measures; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase A; Monoamine Oxidase B; Moods; Neurosecretory Systems; Nicotine; Participant; Performance; Physiological; Pituitary Gland; Psychometrics; Randomized; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Sleep; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Symptoms; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Tobacco; Tobacco Dependence; Tobacco smoking; Withdrawal; Withdrawal Symptom; cigarette smoking; cognitive change; experience; men; non-smoker; pituitary thyroid axis; prevent; response; smoking cessation; tobacco abstinence

It is not clear whether symptoms of tobacco withdrawal are due to lack of nicotine or tobacco. Through the use of denicotinized and nicotinized research cigarettes, we can identify whether symptoms are due to the absence of nicotine or tobacco. Smokers completely abstinent from cigarettes have changes in HPA (hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal) and HPT (hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid) axes which parallel withdrawal symptoms, measures of mood, and diminished cognitive performance. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities which are reduced in chronic smokers return to normal during tobacco abstinence. Nicotinized cigarettes may prevent these neuroendocrine and MAO changes. Smoking denicotinized cigarettes would not prevent changes related to lack of nicotine, but may continue to inhibit MAO activities thought to be related to some components of smoke. Brain activity that underlies behavioral and cognitive changes related to nicotine exposure may be altered in smokers as a function of state (non-abstinent, abstinent, after abstinence) and as compared to nonsmokers. In this study, we compare the effects of tobacco abstinence or smoking denicotinized research cigarettes to smoking ad libitum nicotinized research cigarettes on the following measures: withdrawal symptoms and quality of sleep; MAO-A and MAO-B activities; hormonal responses (HPA, HPT); mood, cognitive and psychometric performance; functional brain activity, and physiological responses. Research participants are men who are at least 18 years old, report smoking at least 15 cigarettes per day, have not used any illicit drug except marijuana in the past year, have no history of drug or alcohol dependence, and have already experienced tobacco withdrawal symptoms when they had no access to cigarettes. Smokers are randomized into one of 3 groups: a) complete tobacco abstinence for 8 days; b) denicotinized research cigarettes for 8 days, or c) control group smoking nicotinized research cigarettes during the entire study (16 days). Because there are few studies comparing functional brain activity in smokers and nonsmokers, a group of nonsmokers will serve as a control group for the brain imaging studies. Assessments will be performed before, during 8 days of complete abstinence/denicotinized cigarette use, and after subjects resume nicotinized cigarette smoking. Identification of hormonal and MAO changes in association with mood and performance alterations may facilitate the development of new treatments (e.g. thyroid hormones or MAOIs) for smoking cessation. If denicotinized cigarettes can antagonize symptoms of smoking abstinence, they can be developed as a non-nicotinic treatment for tobacco dependence. This study is ongoing, and no results are available yet.

尚不清楚烟草戒断症状是否是由于缺乏尼古丁或烟草所致。 通过使用否认和烟碱化的研究香烟，我们可以确定症状是否是由于缺乏尼古丁或烟草所致。 完全戒烟的吸烟者在HPA（下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺）和HPT（下丘脑 - 垂体 - 甲状腺功能纤维）轴上有变化，这些轴平行于戒断症状，​​情绪测量和认知表现降低。 在戒烟期间，慢性吸烟者中减少的单胺氧化酶（MAO）活性恢复正常。 烟气素化的香烟可能会阻止这些神经内分泌和毛泽东的变化。 吸烟否认的香烟不会阻止与缺乏尼古丁有关的变化，但可能会继续抑制被认为与某些烟雾有关的毛泽东活动。 吸烟者可能会改变与尼古丁暴露有关的行为和认知变化的大脑活动，这与状态的关系（非遗产，禁欲之后），并且与非吸烟者相比。 在这项研究中，我们比较了烟草禁欲或吸烟否认研究香烟对吸烟与烟气烟气化的研究卷烟的影响：戒断症状和睡眠质量； MAO-A和MAO-B活动；激素反应（HPA，HPT）；情绪，认知和心理测量表现；功能性大脑活动和生理反应。 研究参与者是年龄至少18岁的男性，报告每天至少吸烟，除了过去一年中，除了大麻外，没有使用任何非法药物，没有药物或酒精依赖的史，并且在无法获得香烟的情况下已经经历了烟草戒烟症状。 吸烟者被随机分为三组之一：a）完全戒烟8天； b）在整个研究（16天）期间，否定研究香烟8天，或c）对照组吸烟研究香烟。 由于比较吸烟者和非吸烟者的功能性脑活动的研究很少，因此一群非吸烟者将作为脑成像研究的对照组。 在完全禁欲/否认的香烟使用之前，在受试者恢复烟雾降烟后，将进行评估。 与情绪和性能改变相关的激素和毛泽东变化的鉴定可能有助于开发新的治疗方法（例如甲状腺激素或毛伊斯）来戒烟。 如果否认化的香烟可以拮抗戒烟的症状，则可以将其作为非促毒素依赖性的非纽约因治疗方法开发。 这项研究正在进行中，尚无结果。