Tobacco Craving and Cigarette Reinforcement in Normal and Schizophrenic Smokers

正常和精神分裂症吸烟者的烟草渴望和香烟强化

• 批准号: 8148577
• 负责人: Stephen Heishman
• 金额: $ 58.69万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8148577
• 关键词: Cigarette; Psychological reinforcement; Schizophrenia; Smoker; Tobacco; craving

Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, yet despite decades of public awareness campaigns on the adverse health consequences of smoking, 21.5% of adults in the U.S. are daily smokers. In contrast with the general population, people with schizophrenia have a much higher prevalence of smoking with reported rates of 70-90%. Environmental smoking cues have been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of nicotine addiction and in relapse to smoking. Few studies, however, have investigated whether smokers with schizophrenia show an exaggerated attentional bias or cue reactivity response to enviornmental smoking cues. Another biobehavioral factor central to addiction is the rewarding or reinforcing effect of pychoactive drugs. If initial drug use leads to increased frequency of use, then the drug is referred to, in operant conditioning terms, as a reinforcing stimulus. One defining characteristic of an addictive drug is that it positively reinforces drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of smoking versus neutral cues on schizophrenia patients who smoke on 1) craving, mood, and autonomic responsivity and 2) the relative reinforcing efficacy of tobacco cigarettes. We will test 22 patients with schizophrenia who smoke and 22 smokers without schizophrenia. During cue trials, primary measures include craving (TCQ-SF, VAS), mood (mood form, VAS), and autonomic (heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance) responsivity. During self-administration trials, primary measures include breakpoint (final ratio completed), total number of responses, and number of cigarette puffs earned and taken. Secondary measures include baseline smoking history, mood, tobacco craving, nicotine dependence, and urinary cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine. During the past year, we have initiated the study and completed testing of 10 smokers without schizophrenia and 8 smokers with schizophreniz. Because study enrollment is ongoing, we have no findings to report at this time.

吸烟是世界上发病率和死亡率的主要预防原因，尽管数十年来对吸烟的不良健康后果进行了数十年的公众意识运动，但美国有21.5％的成年人是每日吸烟者。与普通人群相反，精神分裂症患者的吸烟患病率要高得多，报告率为70-90％。 已经显示，环境吸烟线索在维持尼古丁成瘾并复发到吸烟中起着重要作用。 然而，很少有研究调查了精神分裂症的吸烟者是否表现出夸张的注意力偏见或提示反应性反应对环境吸烟提示。 成瘾的另一个生物行为因素是化学药物的奖励或增强作用。如果最初的药物使用导致使用频率增加，则用操作条件术语将药物称为增强刺激。 令人上瘾的药物的一个定义特征是，它积极加强了寻求毒品和吸毒的行为。这项研究的目的是确定吸烟与中性线索对在1）渴望，情绪和自主反应性的精神分裂症患者的影响，以及2）烟草香烟的相对增强功效。我们将测试22例吸烟的精神分裂症患者和22名没有精神分裂症的吸烟者。在提示试验期间，主要措施包括渴望（TCQ-SF，VAS），情绪（情绪形式，VAS）和自主神经（心率，血压，皮肤电导）的响应性。 在自我管理试验中，主要措施包括断点（最终比率完成），响应总数以及赚取和采取的香烟泡芙数量。 次要措施包括基线吸烟史，情绪，烟草的渴望，尼古丁依赖性以及尿可替氨酸和3-羟基霉素。 在过去的一年中，我们启动了研究并完成了10名无精神分裂症和精神分裂症吸烟者的吸烟者的测试。 由于研究入学率正在进行中，因此目前我们没有发现的发现。