Effect of nicotine on elements of attention in smokers and nonsmokers

尼古丁对吸烟者和非吸烟者注意力元素的影响

• 批准号: 8336452
• 负责人: Stephen Heishman
• 金额: $ 46.36万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8336452
• 关键词: Attention; Blood Pressure; Cigarette Smoker; Cognition; Dose; Elements; Future; Head; Heart Rate; Human; Individual; Memory; Nicotine; Performance; Reporting; Research; Series; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Testing; Tobacco; Withdrawal; design; improved; non-smoker; response

Many cigarette smokers report that smoking helps them stay alert and improves their concentration. Early research tended to support the idea that smoking enhanced human performance; however, many of these studies only demonstrated that smoking reversed withdrawal-induced performance deficits in nicotine-dependent individuals. More recent research has indicated that smoking or nicotine can truly enhance certain aspects of attention and memory. We have recently completed the first of a planned series of studies investigating the effect of varying doses of intranasal nicotine on attention and cognition. This initial study was designed to determine whether we could achieve dose-related effects of nicotine (0, 1, 2, mg) in a single test session. Nicotine dose-dependently increased subjective ratings of alert, head rush, and stimulated, and decreased ratings of relaxed, urge to smoke, and drowsy. Nicotine also increased heart rate and blood pressure. Nicotine dose-dependently increased correct responses and decreased omission errors on a test of sustained attention. Accuracy on an arithmetic test was also enhanced by nicotine in a dose-related manner. In both tests, there was no difference between 12-hr tobacco-deprived and nondeprived conditions. In future studies, we will use this dosing paradigm to investigate the effect of nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers on the various elements of attention: encode, focus/execute, shift, sustain, and stabilize.

许多吸烟者报告说，吸烟有助于他们保持警惕并提高注意力。 早期的研究倾向于支持吸烟增强人类表现的想法。但是，其中许多研究仅表明吸烟逆转了抑制尼古丁依赖性个体的戒断诱导的性能缺陷。 最近的研究表明，吸烟或尼古丁可以真正增强注意力和记忆的某些方面。 我们最近完成了一系列计划的研究中的第一项研究，该研究研究了不同剂量的鼻内尼古丁对注意力和认知的影响。 这项最初的研究旨在确定我们是否可以在一次测试中实现尼古丁（0、1、2，mg）的剂量相关作用。 尼古丁剂量依赖性地提高了警报，急速和刺激的主观评级，并降低了放松，吸烟和昏昏欲睡的评分。 尼古丁还增加了心率和血压。 尼古丁剂量依赖性地增加了正确的反应，并在持续注意的测试中减少了遗漏错误。 尼古丁以剂量相关方式也提高了算术测试的准确性。 在这两种测试中，12小时烟草缺乏的条件之间没有差异。 在未来的研究中，我们将使用这种剂量范式来研究尼古丁对吸烟者和非吸烟者对各种关注元素的影响：编码，焦点/执行，转移，维持，维持和稳定。