Cognitive Processes of Bilinguals

双语者的认知过程

• 批准号: 8307485
• 负责人: Judith F. Kroll
• 金额: $ 32.82万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8307485
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adopted; Adult; Affect; Age; Architecture; Behavioral; Childhood; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Collaborations; Comprehension; Development; Education; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Fostering; Goals; Grant; Health; Individual; Intention; International; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Measurement; Mediation; Methods; Modeling; Multilingualism; Nature; Neurocognitive; Performance; Process; Production; Psychologist; Reaction Time; Reading; Research; Research Infrastructure; Resolution; Science; Societies; Source; Speech; Staging; Stimulus; Students; Sum; System; Text; Thinking; Training; base; bilingualism; clinical practice; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; executive function; experience; language processing; lexical; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; skills; tool

Until recently, cognitive science ignored the fact that most people of the world, and an increasing number of people in the US, are bilingual. In the past ten years this situation has changed markedly. There is now an appreciation that learning and using more than one language is a natural circumstance of cognition. Not only does research on bilingualism provide crucial evidence regarding the universality of cognitive principles, but it also provides an important tool for revealing constraints within the cognitive architecture. Although proficient bilinguals rarely make the error of speaking words in the wrong language or thinking that they are reading text in a language other than the one intended, recent cognitive research on lexical access in word recognition and in spoken production suggests that information about both languages is active, at least briefly, in even highly skilled tasks such as reading and speaking. The absence of a simple mechanism to switch off one of the two languages when using the other suggests that skilled bilinguals possess a sophisticated means of controlling their performance. For this reason, bilingualism has become an important tool for psychologists who wish to model developing systems, the competition between them, and the consequences for executive control. The goal of the proposed research is to use behavioral and neurocognitive methods to identify factors that permit cross-language competition to be resolved in the planning of speech in each of the bilingual's languages. The specifc aims of the planned research are to determine how far into speech planning there is activity of each language, how the form of bilingualism modulates this activity, and what contexts of language acquisition and use reduce cross-language competition. The proposed research will contribute important foundational knowledge about multilingualism that will inform educational and health issues in an increasingly diverse society in which many learners are faced with the task of learning to speak a second language past the earliest stages of childhood. The research will also contribute to the infrastructure of science by training a more diverse group of students than is typical in cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience and by fostering international scientific collaboration.

直到最近，认知科学忽略了世界上大多数人， 在美国的人数越来越多，是双语的。在过去的十年中 发生了显着变化。现在有一种欣赏，学习和使用不仅仅是 一种语言是一种自然的认知情况。不仅研究 双语主义提供了有关认知原则的普遍性的重要证据， 但这也提供了一个重要的工具来揭示认知中的约束 建筑学。尽管精通双语的人很少会在 语言错误或认为他们正在阅读以外的语言的文字 关于单词识别和口语中词汇访问的最新意图，最近的认知研究 生产表明，至少在 即使是高技能的任务，例如阅读和说话。没有简单的 使用另一种语言时关闭两种语言之一的机制表明 熟练的双语者具有控制其性能的精致手段。为了 这个原因，双语主义已成为希望的心理学家的重要工具 模型开发系统，它们之间的竞争以及对 执行控制。拟议研究的目的是使用行为和 神经认知方法以识别允许跨语言竞争的因素 在每种双语语言中的语音计划中解决。指定目标 计划的研究是确定在语音计划中有多远的活动 每种语言，双语主义的形式如何调节这一活动以及哪些背景 语言获取和使用减少跨语言竞争。拟议的研究将为多种语言提供重要的基础知识，这将告知 在越来越多样化的社会中，许多学习者面临着任务的教育和健康问题 学会在童年的最早阶段说第二语言。研究也将做出贡献 通过培训多样化的学生群体比认知科学的典型学生来实现科学的基础设施 以及认知神经科学以及促进国际科学合作。

项目成果

Local and global inhibition in bilingual word production: fMRI evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.049
• 发表时间: 2011-06-15
• 期刊: NEUROIMAGE
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Guo, Taomei;Liu, Hongyan;Misra, Maya;Kroll, Judith F.
• 通讯作者: Kroll, Judith F.

Desirable Difficulties in Vocabulary Learning.

词汇学习中理想的困难。

• DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.128.2.0241
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: The American journal of psychology
• 作者: Bjork,RobertA;Kroll,JudithF
• 通讯作者: Kroll,JudithF

Cognitive control ability mediates prediction costs in monolinguals and bilinguals.

认知控制能力调节单语者和双语者的预测成本。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.001
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Cognition
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Zirnstein,Megan;vanHell,JanetG;Kroll,JudithF
• 通讯作者: Kroll,JudithF

Cross-Language Activation Begins During Speech Planning and Extends Into Second Language Speech.

• DOI: 10.1111/lang.12148
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Language learning
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Jacobs A;Fricke M;Kroll JF
• 通讯作者: Kroll JF

When deaf signers read English: do written words activate their sign translations?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.11.006
• 发表时间: 2011-02
• 期刊: Cognition
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Morford JP;Wilkinson E;Villwock A;Piñar P;Kroll JF
• 通讯作者: Kroll JF