Dynamic Effects in Peripheral Auditory Processing

外周听觉处理中的动态效应

• 批准号: 8196938
• 负责人: MAGDALENA WOJTCZAK
• 金额: $ 35.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8196938
• 关键词: Accounting; Acoustics; Affect; Algorithms; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auricular prosthesis; Basilar Membrane; Behavioral; Brain; Central Hearing Loss; Characteristics; Cochlea; Cochlear Hearing Loss; Complex; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Due Process; Ear; Environment; Financial compensation; Frequencies; Goals; Grouping; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Individual; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Labyrinth; Lead; Liquid substance; Long-Term Effects; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Medial; Meniere' s Disease; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Neuronal Plasticity; Noise; Output; Perception; Peripheral; Physiological; Play; Population; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Resolution; Role; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Site; Speech; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stapes; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Travel; Variant; Work; auditory stimulus; base; behavior measurement; computerized data processing; design; experience; hearing impairment; improved; insight; novel; otoacoustic emission; public health relevance; research study; response; segregation; sound; stimulus processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this proposal is to further our understanding of the perceptual consequences of peripheral auditory processing and efferent, or top-down, effects in normal and impaired hearing. The project has three main aims. Aim 1 is to provide behavioral and physiological estimates of the hypothesized effects of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system on basilar-membrane (BM) gain and compression in humans, and to determine their consequences for temporal processing within individual frequency channels using forward masking. These measures will be undertaken in both normal-hearing listeners and listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. Aim 2 extends the investigation from within-channel to across-channel temporal processing to study the effects of peripheral filtering and efferent control on the spectro-temporal processing of complex sounds. The working hypothesis is that changes in BM filtering with hearing loss lead to changes in the relative latencies along the BM, which are not fully compensated by neural plasticity. Across-channel temporal synchrony plays a crucial role in our ability to perceptually segregate competing sounds in complex environments, so a disruption of perceived synchrony may be particularly detrimental in noisy and challenging acoustic backgrounds. Experiments under this aim will measure the temporal perception of sounds across frequency, in terms of temporal resolution and acuity, as well as in terms of subjective judgments of synchrony to test the hypothesis that across-frequency temporal perception changes with hearing loss. Aim 3 will take the basic psychophysical knowledge gained in Aims 1 and 2 and apply it to speech perception in noisy backgrounds. Speech intelligibility of sentences will be measured in steady noise, fluctuating noise, and single- talker interference in conditions where systematic delays are imposed across frequency. Speech perception in quiet has been shown to be remarkably robust to temporal asynchronies across frequency. Our working hypothesis is that temporal asynchronies, whether imposed through signal processing or as a result of hearing loss, will produce much more serious deficits in speech intelligibility in noisy situations, where perceptual segregation of the target from the masker is required. The results will further our understanding of how peripheral auditory processing is affected by efferent stimulation, and how changes in peripheral processing due to hearing loss affect our perception of sound and our ability to communicate in challenging acoustic environments. Understanding how peripheral auditory processing influences within- and across-channel temporal perception may lead to novel signal-processing algorithms for hearing aids that compensate for the across-channel temporal changes induced by hearing loss. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The work in this proposal aims to further our understanding of how "top-down" influences from the brain affect the way sound is processed in the inner ear, and how that processing affects the way people with normal hearing and people with hearing difficulties perceive sound and speech. Improved understanding of how perception is affected by changes in the ear due to hearing loss should lead to new and improved methods for designing hearing aids.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的长期目标是进一步理解外围听觉处理以及在正常听力和受损的效果中的感知后果。该项目具有三个主要目标。目的1是为内侧橄榄石（MOC）传出系统对人类基底膜（BM）增益和压缩的假设作用提供行为和生理估计，并确定其使用正向掩盖的单个频道内部处理的后果。这些措施将在正常听力的听众和感官听力损失的听众中采取。 AIM 2将研究从渠道内扩展到跨渠道时间处理，以研究周围滤波和传出控制对复杂声音的光谱周期处理的影响。工作假设是，随着听力损失的变化，BM过滤的变化会导致BM沿BM的相对潜伏期的变化，这些变化并未完全由神经可塑性弥补。跨通道颞同步在我们在复杂环境中感知隔离竞争声音的能力中起着至关重要的作用，因此，在嘈杂且具有挑战性的声学背景中，人们对感知的同步造成的破坏可能尤其有害。在此目标下的实验将根据时间分辨率和敏锐度以及同步的主观判断，以测试跨频时间感知随着听力损失的变化而变化的假设，从而衡量频率之间对声音的时间感知。 AIM 3将采用目标1和2中获得的基本心理物理知识，并将其应用于嘈杂的背景中的语音感知。句子的语音清晰度将以稳定的噪声，波动的噪声和单口语干扰在跨频率施加的条件下进行衡量。静态中的语音感知已被证明对频率的时间异步非常强大。我们的工作假设是，无论是通过信号处理还是由于听力损失而施加的时间异步，都将在嘈杂的情况下会产生更严重的语音清晰度赤字，在这种情况下，需要从掩护者对目标的知觉分离。结果将进一步了解我们对外围听觉处理如何受到传出刺激的影响，以及由于听力损失而引起的外围处理的变化如何影响我们对声音的看法以及我们在挑战性的声学环境中进行交流的能力。了解外围听觉处理如何影响时间内和跨通道内感知可能会导致助听器的新型信号处理算法，从而补偿听力损失引起的跨渠道时间变化。 公共卫生相关性：该提案中的工作旨在进一步了解“自上而下”如何影响大脑的影响如何影响内耳的声音处理方式，以及该处理如何影响正常听力和听力困难的人感知声音和言语的人的方式。由于听力损失而导致耳朵变化的感知如何影响人们的理解应导致设计助听器的新方法。