Perceptual and functional role of medial olivocochlear efferents in humans

人类内侧橄榄耳蜗传出神经的知觉和功能作用

基本信息

批准号：
10197875
负责人：
MAGDALENA WOJTCZAK
金额：
$ 28.52万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10197875
关键词：
Acoustics Address Algorithms Animals Attention Auditory Auditory Perception Auditory system Behavioral Brain Characteristics Cochlea Cochlear Hearing Loss Cochlear Implants Cognitive Complex Contralateral Data Dependence Ear Environment Exhibits Experimental Designs Feedback Frequencies Generations Hearing Hearing Aids Human Individual Injury Ipsilateral Laboratory Animals Lead Light Link Measurement Measures Mechanics Medial Methods Minor Modality Noise Outcome Outcomes Research Perception Physiological Play Process Property Psychoacoustics Psychophysics Recovery Reflex action Reporting Role Self-Help Devices Sensory Aids Signal Transduction Source Speech Stimulus System Techniques Testing Time Use of New Techniques Visual Visual attention auditory processing auditory reflex auditory stimulus base behavior measurement cognitive load design experimental study hearing impairment improved normal hearing notch protein novel novel strategies otoacoustic emission relating to nervous system response restoration selective attention signal processing simulation sound theories

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY It is well accepted that activation of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system can result in a reduction of cochlear gain in humans and laboratory animals. In humans, efferent-induced cochlear gain reduction is measured by measuring changes in the magnitude of otoacoustic emissions. Because the reported changes have been small and the perceptual effects of gain reduction due to stimuli presumed to elicit efferent activation have been elusive, the general view has been that MOC efferents play a minor (if any) role in everyday auditory processing. This proposal should overturn that view. The proposal has been motivated by large robust effects of MOC efferent activation observed in our preliminary experiments that took advantage of recent improvements in otoacoustic-emission measurement techniques and in our understanding of the mechanisms of the generation of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs). The large physiological effects will be combined with novel psychophysical measures obtained in the same listeners. In Aim 1 we will pursue the phenomenon and functional relevance of a recent and highly unexpected finding in our lab of large and very long lasting (on the order of seconds) efferent-based effects on SFOAEs that seem to be exclusive to high frequencies. We will also explore sizeable perceptual unmasking of temporal amplitude modulation of a tone embedded in noise observed in our preliminary studies, the time course of which exhibits frequency dependence similar to that of the long-lasting efferent effects on SFOAEs. This previously unreported unmasking effect may have particular functional importance, as the processing of amplitude modulation in noise has recently been shown to be crucial for the understanding of speech. Aim 2 combines novel implementations of stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) with psychoacoustic paradigms to provide rigorous tests of the link between cochlear tuning and SFOAE delay, and to assess the effects of MOC system on physiological and behavioral tuning. The outcomes should provide a definitive assessment of the currently controversial claim that human cochlear tuning may be considerably sharper than that of typical laboratory animals. In Aim 3 we will implement a novel approach to investigating the modulating effect of attention on MOC efferent effects on cochlear responses by selectively manipulating perceptual load and cognitive load of behavioral auditory and visual tasks. The outcomes of the research should result in a refined more complete view of the functional role of MOC efferents in human auditory processing. By showing sizeable effects of efferent activation that benefit perception in normal-hearing listeners, the proposal will underscore the importance of restoring these benefits in hearing-impaired listeners, including cochlear-implant users. The proposed experiments will provide important new data on the effects of efferent control of cochlear gain that will aid such efforts and lead to new algorithms to recreate the efferent-driven modulation of cochlear gain and tuning in hearing-assisting devices.

项目概要人们普遍认为激活内侧橄榄耳蜗 (MOC) 传出系统可导致人类和实验动物的耳蜗增益。在人类中，传出神经引起的耳蜗增益减少是通过测量耳声发射幅度的变化来测量。因为报告的变化已经很小，并且由于假定引起传出的刺激而导致增益减少的感知影响激活一直难以捉摸，一般观点是 MOC 传出在以下过程中发挥次要（如果有的话）作用日常听觉处理。这项提议应该会推翻这种观点。该提案的动机是在我们的初步实验中观察到 MOC 传出激活的巨大鲁棒效应，该实验利用了耳声发射测量技术以及我们对耳声发射测量的理解的最新进展刺激频率耳声发射（SFOAE）的产生机制。生理大效果将与在同一听众中获得的新颖的心理物理测量相结合。在目标 1 中，我们将探究最近发生的、非常出乎意料的事件的现象和功能相关性。在我们的实验室中发现对 SFOAE 的巨大且非常持久（以秒为单位）的基于传出的影响这似乎是高频独有的。我们还将探索时间的相当大的感知揭露在我们的初步研究中观察到嵌入噪声中的音调的幅度调制，它表现出与 SFOAE 的长期传出效应类似的频率依赖性。这以前未报道的揭露效应可能具有特别的功能重要性，因为最近已证明噪声中的幅度调制对于理解语音至关重要。目标2 将刺激频率耳声发射 (SFOAE) 与心理声学的新颖实现相结合范式对耳蜗调谐和 SFOAE 延迟之间的联系进行严格测试，并评估 MOC系统对生理和行为调节的影响。结果应提供明确的对目前有争议的说法的评估，即人类耳蜗的调谐可能比典型的实验动物。在目标 3 中，我们将实施一种新颖的方法来研究调制通过选择性操纵感知负荷，注意对 MOC 传出效应对耳蜗反应的影响以及行为听觉和视觉任务的认知负荷。研究的结果应该使人们对人类听觉处理中的 MOC 传出。通过显示传出激活的显着效果，有益于该提案将强调恢复这些好处的重要性听力受损的听众，包括人工耳蜗使用者。拟议的实验将提供关于耳蜗增益传出控制影响的重要新数据将有助于此类努力并带来新的结果重建耳蜗增益传出驱动调制和助听设备调谐的算法。