Legal Research on the Effects of Underage Drinking

未成年人饮酒影响的法律研究

• 批准号: 8043868
• 负责人: JAMES C. FELL
• 金额: $ 22.99万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8043868
• 关键词: 21 year old; Accounting; Adopted; Alcohols; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Beverages; Country; Development; District of Columbia; Documentation; Effectiveness; Ensure; Equation; Funding; Incidence; Individual; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); Joints; Kentucky; Knowledge; Laws; Legal; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Outcome; Parents; Policies; Production; Public Health; Reporting; Request for Applications; Research; Research Personnel; Safety; Sales; Services; Social Identification; Source; Statutes and Laws; Training; United States; United States National Academy of Sciences; Utah; Work; Young driver; Youth; abstracting; aged; alcohol policy information system; alcohol-related death; environmental intervention; impaired driving performance; improved; intervention program; minimum drinking age; programs; public health relevance; social; underage drinking; underage drinking prevention; underage drinking reduction

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract: The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Institute of Medicine released a comprehensive report 6 years ago on strategies to reduce underage drinking in this country. The report responded to a congressional request for a review of a broad range of federal, state, and nongovernmental programs, including environmental interventions and programs focused on youth and parent attitudes and behaviors, and for the development of effective strategies to reduce and prevent underage drinking. The resulting recommended policies are embodied in the current set of 16 laws that have been adopted by many states to control underage drinking and impaired driving. No state, however, has enacted all 16 laws (e.g., Utah has enacted 15 of the minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws, whereas Kentucky has enacted only 7). Moreover, many states that have these laws provide for important exceptions to them. The NAS report has substantial potential to influence state statutes on MLDA and their enforcement. The NAS report is also significant because it points to the need for improved enforcement. Yet, the specific provisions of these laws in some states actually restrict their enforcement. Thus, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of the 16 laws relating to underage drinking and impaired driving and to determine whether adopting and/or strengthening these laws in the states will increase their overall effectiveness. Using the Alcohol Policy Information System and other sources, this application requests funds to build on previous research to document the MLDA laws to support studies of their effectiveness and to evaluate two of the expanded laws (use of a fake identification and social host liability). The specific aims are to (1) document effective dates of 10 MLDA-21 statutes to enable researchers to study the effectiveness of these additional laws in reducing underage drinking and the various consequences of underage drinking; and (2) determine the effects of the fake identification and social host liability laws on underage drinking drivers in fatal crashes using structural equation modeling methods to account more precisely for the differential effects of laws on simultaneous joint outcomes. The fake identification and social host liability laws' annual presence/absence will be cross-tabulated against the presence/absence of the other general safety laws to ensure that there is not a collinearity problem among these binary predictors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public Health Relevance: Although most studies demonstrating the effectiveness of the MLDA laws have focused primarily on the two core laws, purchase and possession, the other 14 legislative enhancements have received little study. This limitation in the state of knowledge has recently been highlighted by the national Choose Responsibility campaign (www.chooseresponsibility.org) directed at repealing the federal legislation that resulted in all states setting the MLDA at 21. Using the Alcohol Policy Information System and other sources, this application requests funds to increase and improve the documentation of 10 MLDA laws to support studies of their effectiveness and to evaluate two of the expanded laws (use of a fake identification and social host liability).

描述（由申请人提供）： 摘要：美国国家科学院（NAS）医学研究所于6年前发布了一份有关减少该国未成年饮酒策略的综合报告。该报告回应了国会要求对广泛的联邦，州和非政府计划进行审查，包括环境干预措施和针对青年和父母态度和行为的计划，以及制定有效的策略来减少和防止未成年饮酒。由此产生的推荐政策体现在许多州已通过的16项法律中，以控制未成年人饮酒和驾驶受损。但是，没有国家颁布了所有16个法律（例如，犹他州颁布了最低法律饮酒的15个法律（MLDA-21）法律，而肯塔基州仅颁布了7个法律。此外，许多具有这些法律的州为他们提供了重要的例外。 NAS报告具有影响MLDA及其执法的国家法规的巨大潜力。 NAS报告也很重要，因为它表明需要改善执法。但是，在某些州，这些法律的具体规定实际上限制了其执行。因此，有必要确定与未成年人饮酒和驾驶障碍有关的16个法律的有效性，并确定在各州采用和/或加强这些法律是否会提高其整体效率。本申请使用酒精政策信息系统和其他来源，要求资金以先前的研究为基础，以记录MLDA法律，以支持其有效性研究并评估两项扩展的法律（使用假识别和社会主机责任）。具体目的是（1）记录10个MLDA-21法规的有效日期，以使研究人员能够研究这些额外法律在减少未成年人饮酒和未成年饮酒的各种后果方面的有效性； （2）使用结构方程建模方法确定虚假身份证明和社会主机责任法对致命崩溃中未成年饮酒驱动因素的影响，以更准确地解释法律对同时关节结果的差异影响。虚假的身份证明和社会主持人责任法的年度/不存在将与其他一般安全法的存在/不存在，以确保这些二进制预测因素之间没有共线性问题。 公共卫生相关性： 公共卫生相关性：尽管大多数研究表明MLDA法律的有效性主要集中在两项核心法律，即购买和财产上，但其他14项立法增强功能几乎没有得到研究。 This limitation in the state of knowledge has recently been highlighted by the national Choose Responsibility campaign (www.chooseresponsibility.org) directed at repealing the federal legislation that resulted in all states setting the MLDA at 21. Using the Alcohol Policy Information System and other sources, this application requests funds to increase and improve the documentation of 10 MLDA laws to support studies of their effectiveness and to evaluate two of the expanded laws (use of a fake identification and social host 责任）。