Relationship of Impaired Driving Enforcement Intensity to Drinking and Driving

酒后驾驶执法强度与酒后驾驶的关系

基本信息

批准号：
8111311
负责人：
JAMES C. FELL
金额：
$ 22.32万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-15 至 2013-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8111311
关键词：
21 year old Adopted Affect Age Aging Alcohol consumption Alcohols Applications Grants Area Attitude Automobile Driving Behavioral Blood alcohol level measurement Breath Tests Budgets Censuses Cessation of life Characteristics Cities Communities County Data Data Set Demographic Factors Developed Countries Distal Drowning Economics Educational Status Effectiveness Employment Ethnic Origin Evaluation Evaluation Research Female Frequencies Funding Future Gender Goals Growth Household Impairment Income Injury Knowledge Law Enforcement Laws Licensing Low Prevalence Measurable Measures Mediating Methods Minor National Security One-Step dentin bonding system Outcome Ownership Patient Self-Report Play Police Policies Population Prevalence Prevention Procedures Property Race Rehabilitation therapy Relative (related person)Reliance Reporting Research Research Institute Resources Role Safety Site Societies Socioeconomic Factors Statutes and Laws Surveys System Time Translating United States Workload Young driver abstracting aged community organizations convict cost drinking driving behavior driving under influence effectiveness measure high risk ignition interlock device impaired driving performance improved injured insight killings novel offender operation programs public health relevance sobriety success trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract: Although substantial progress was made in reducing alcohol-impaired driving fatal crashes between 1982 and 1997, the numbers have stalled over the last decade, and approximately 13,000 people are killed each year in these crashes. Although increased, improved and/or more efficient law enforcement holds the most promise for further reducing impaired driving, enforcement of drinking-and-driving laws is never without cost, and it must compete against other law enforcement activities, especially given the current economic strain on local and State budgets. How much of a reduction in drinking and driving would be achieved by how much improvement in impaired-driving law enforcement? How does the relationship between marginal increases in enforcement intensity and reductions in impaired driving differ across enforcement approaches? Decision-makers, public officials, and community organizations facing such policy and budgetary dilemmas would benefit from a better understanding of the association between improvements in the enforcement of drinking-and-driving laws and reductions in impaired driving. With city, county, and state budgets constricted by the current recession and police department workloads being increased with the requirements for national security operations, it is particularly important to implement DUI enforcement methods that are highly efficient. Certainly a goal in any community is to reduce the deaths, injuries, and property damage due to alcohol-impaired driving crashes. This study proposes to take advantage of driver BAC and self-report data on drinking and driving from the 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS) and augment these data with information collected from police departments operating in the 60 NRS sites regarding the types and levels of DUI enforcement activities conducted in 2007 and reported traffic crashes in that jurisdiction. This unique data set will allow the first such exploratory assessment of the relationship of enforcement intensity (with measures from both traditional DUI enforcement and sobriety checkpoints) to the prevalence of drinking and driving on the roads. Then both of these measures will be related to alcohol-related crashes. This exploratory study is novel in that it will measure the objective of enforcement programs, which is deterrence, more directly through the more proximal mediating variable of impaired driving (as measured through BAC data of drivers on the roads) compared to previous evaluations that have typically only measured the more distal outcome-crashes. Although crashes are an important outcome, they are one step further removed from enforcement by the many non-enforcement factors that determine crash frequency. Understanding how police activities affect the prevalence of impaired driving may help explain differential outcomes on crashes that have been associated with the enforcement procedures being examined. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public Health Relevance: In 2007, an estimated 12,998 (32%) of the 41,059 traffic fatalities involved an impaired driver (i.e., the driver's BAC was e.08 g/dL). An additional 512,000 people are injured in alcohol-related crashes each year, and alcohol- related crashes cost the U.S. society $51 billion annually. This study promises to provide new insights into the effectiveness of DUI enforcement through traditional police patrols and sobriety checkpoints by relating current enforcement activity levels in both areas to the prevalence of impaired drivers on the road and to alcohol-related crashes.

描述（由申请人提供）：摘要：尽管在1982年至1997年间减少饮酒撞车事故时取得了重大进展，但在过去的十年中，这些人数停滞不前，每年约有13,000人在这些撞车事故中丧生。尽管增加，改善和/或更有效的执法是进一步减少驾驶受损，执行饮酒和驾驶法律的最大希望永远不会没有成本，并且必须与其他执法活动竞争，尤其是考虑到当前对地方和州预算的经济压力。通过驾驶执法受损多少改善将减少饮酒和驾驶的减少？在执行方法中，执行强度和减少驾驶受损的降低之间的关系之间的关系在执行方法中有何不同？面临政策和预算困境的决策者，公职人员和社区组织将受益于对改善饮酒法律的改善与驾驶受损减少的相关性之间的关联。随着当前经济衰退和警察部门工作量的限制，随着国家安全行动的要求增加了纽约市，县和州预算，实施高效的DUI执法方法尤其重要。当然，任何社区的目标是减少因酒精造成的驾驶坠机而导致的死亡，伤害和财产损失。这项研究提议利用驾驶员BAC和自我报告的数据有关2007年国家路边调查（NRS）的饮酒和驾驶数据，并通过从60个NRS站点的警察部门收集的信息来增强这些数据，涉及2007年在2007年开展的DUI执法活动的类型和水平，并报告了该司法管辖区的交通崩溃。这个独特的数据集将允许对执法强度的关系（通过传统的DUI执法和清醒检查站的措施）进行第一次探索性评估，以便在道路上饮酒和驾驶的盛行率。那么这两种措施都将与酒精相关的崩溃有关。这项探索性研究是新颖的，因为它将更直接地通过与以前的评估相比，更直接地通过更直接的驾驶近端介导变量（通过道路上的BAC数据来衡量），这是威慑力量的目标，而这种探索性研究的目的是更直接地介导了较高的驱动器（通过驱动程序的BAC数据），而这些评估通常仅测量了远端结果造成的较高结果。尽管崩溃是一个重要的结果，但它们是由许多决定崩溃频率的非执法因素从执行中进一步删除的一步。了解警察活动如何影响驾驶受损的患病率可能有助于解释与正在检查的执行程序有关的崩溃的差异结果。公共卫生相关性：公共卫生相关性：2007年，估计有41,059人的交通死亡人数中有12,998（32％）涉及驾驶员受损（即，驾驶员的BAC为e.08 g/dl）。每年与酒精相关的坠机事故中又有512,000人受伤，与酒精有关的坠机事故每年损失51亿美元。这项研究有望通过将两个地区的当前执法水平与道路上的驾驶员的流行以及与酒精相关的撞车事故联系起来，从而通过传统的警察巡逻和清醒检查站来提供有关DUI执法的有效性的新见解。