Effects of Three Underage Drinking Laws on Youth Traffic Fatalities

三项未成年人饮酒法对青少年交通死亡的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8700254
负责人：
JAMES C. FELL
金额：
$ 7.49万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-07-15 至 2015-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The public generally assumes that the Minimum Legal Drinking Age of 21 (MDLA-21) is embodied in a single law, and therefore, all states have the same law. Actually, the MLDA-21 state laws consist of multiple provisions that support the core MLDA-21 laws and comprise a family of policies directed at controlling underage drinking. These MLDA-21 statutes vary considerably from state to state, and no state has all components advocated by the federal government. Thus, the current U.S. effort to control underage drinking involves a variable package of policies, many of which have not been evaluated for their effectiveness. The effective dates for each state statute of MLDA-21 law components have been documented. These include MLDA-21 law components that have been evaluated: illegal to possess or purchase alcohol if younger than 21, use alcohol and lose your driver's license, zero tolerance for driving (no alcohol), graduated driver licensing laws with night restrictions, and beer keg registration laws. In addition, many states have adopted social host laws concerning underage drinking parties, the use of fake identification (ID), retailer support for fake ID, transfer/production of fake identification laws, furnishing/selling, illegal to consume, state contol of alcohol, age for on-premise sellers/servers, age for off-premise sellers/servers, and responsible beverage service (RBS) training. Analyses of the effectiveness of the fake ID and social host laws on reducing underage drinking- driver rates in fatal crashes using structural equation modeling (SEM) is currently underway. The objective of this proposed research is to determine the effectiveness of three additional laws using SEM methods: (1) dram shop liability laws that expose outlet owners to third party liability and should affect service to underage as well as adult drivers; (2) state alcohol control laws because of a movement in some states to transition from state monopoly of certain aspects of alcohol distribution and/or retail sales to privatization (e.g., Pennsylvania and Virginia) and such transitions have been associated with increased alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and an increase in alcohol-related injuries; and (3) RBS training laws because some states have been strengthening their RBS training requirements in efforts to reduce overservice practices, particularly service to underage patrons.

描述（由申请人提供）：公众通常假设最低法律饮酒年龄为21（MDLA-21）在一项法律中体现，因此，所有州均具有相同的法律。实际上，MLDA-21州法律包括支持核心MLDA-21法律的多种规定，并包括一个旨在控制未成年人饮酒的政策。这些MLDA-21法规因州而异，而且没有任何州由联邦政府提倡的所有组成部分。因此，美国目前控制未成年饮酒的努力涉及一系列可变的政策，其中许多政策尚未被评估为其有效性。已记录了MLDA-21法律组件的每个州法规的有效日期。其中包括已评估的MLDA-21法律组件：如果年龄在21岁以下，使用酒精并丢失驾驶执照，则拥有或购买酒精，驾驶的零容忍度（无酒精），带有夜间限制的毕业驾驶许可法和啤酒桶注册法律。此外，许多州已经通过了有关未成年饮酒方的社会主持人法律，使用伪造身份（ID），零售商对虚假ID的支持，转让/制作假识别法，提供/销售，非法销售，非法食用，饮酒状态，饮酒时代的饮酒，用于跨性别的卖家/服务器的时代销售者，对职业卖方/责任饮料的年龄段和饮料（RBS）培训（RBS）。当前正在使用结构方程建模（SEM）中对假ID和社会主持人法律在致命崩溃中降低未成年人饮酒率的有效性的分析。这项拟议的研究的目的是使用SEM方法确定三个其他法律的有效性：（1）将渠道所有者承担第三方责任，并应影响未成年驾驶员的服务；（2）国家酒精控制法律是因为某些州的运动从国家垄断酒精分配和/或零售销售转变为私有化（例如宾夕法尼亚州和弗吉尼亚州），并且此类过渡与酒精的可用性，酒精消耗量增加，酒精消耗和与酒精相关的伤害的增加有关；（3）RBS培训法律是因为某些州一直在加强其RBS培训要求，以减少过度服务实践，特别是为未成年顾客提供服务。