Promoting positive social-emotional pathways: A translational research program

促进积极的社会情感途径：转化研究计划

• 批准号: 8133311
• 负责人: GRAZYNA KOCHANSKA
• 金额: $ 61.66万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8133311
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alleles; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Brain imaging; Child; Communities; Competence; Conscience; Control Groups; Data; Data Set; Development; Drug usage; Ecology; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Emotional; Emotions; Equation; Family; Family Study; Fathers; Feeling; Fostering; Funding; Future; Genetic Polymorphism; Genotype; Goals; Grant; Growth; Individual; Individuality; Intervention; Joints; Link; Long-Term Effects; Low income; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modeling; Molecular Genetics; Morals; Mothers; Motion; Neighborhoods; Neurons; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting behavior; Parents; Participant; Pathway interactions; Play; Population; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Problem behavior; Process; Psychopathology; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Risk; Schools; Science; Socialization; Societies; Stress; Temperament; Testing; Time; Tobacco use; Toddler; Translational Research; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Youth; anti social; base; design; developmental psychology; foster child; high risk; high risk behavior; infancy; informant; innovation; parental role; prevent; programs; social; statistics; teacher; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching aim of this research is to promote children's positive, adaptive pathways of socio-emotional development and to prevent maladaptive pathways from infancy to adolescence. Our basic research seeks to explain why some children embark on positive developmental paths toward a mature conscience that encompasses appropriate moral emotions, prosocial, internalized, rule-abiding conduct, and robust socio- emotional competence when functioning in the family and broader ecologies, and why other children enter maladaptive paths toward callousness, disregard for rules and others' feelings, disruptive, antisocial, high-risk behavior, poor competence, and impoverished socio-emotional growth. Although the role of parental socialization is broadly acknowledged, specific mechanisms of its impact for individual children are not yet understood. In this research, early parent-child Mutually Responsive Orientation (MRO) is proposed as a powerful factor promoting positive long-term socio-emotional outcomes. In the context of MRO, socialization becomes a shared, reciprocal parent-child enterprise, and the child becomes an active, receptive, and willing participant, eager to embrace parental goals and values. Consequently, the parent can relinquish the use of aversive, heavy-handed control. This research further elucidates how socialization processes are strongly interwoven with, and their outcomes dependent on the individual child's biological individuality. Our ongoing longitudinal Family Study of 102 community mothers, fathers and children has supported this model using massive data collected when children were 7, 15, 25, 38, 52, 67, 80, and 96 months. New assessments are proposed at 10-11, 12-13, and 14-15 years, to examine implications of early MRO during the critical transition to adolescence. Our translational research, Play Study, an ongoing, theory-informed, randomized parenting intervention with 186 low-income, diverse mother-toddler dyads, fosters early mother-child MRO, and thus promotes socialization paths leading to positive child outcomes. Data are collected before, throughout, immediately after and 6 months after the intervention. A proposed new assessment at age 7-8 will test its long-term impact following the children's key transition to school. This work is significant because both studies are synergistic and parallel regarding aims, constructs, and measures, but complementary regarding designs and populations, and employ massive, multi-method, multi-trait, multi-assessment, multi-informant measures of children's genotypes, psychophysiology, temperament, behavior and emotions, conscience, comprehensively assessed competencies and functioning, parent-child relationships, and parents' adjustment and family ecology. Interdisciplinary team includes experts in socio-emotional development, adolescence, developmental psychopathology, maternal adjustment, intervention science, molecular genetics, and statistics. An innovative, unified theoretical framework integrates both studies. Analyses elucidate changes over time, divergence in developmental trajectories, processes and causal mechanisms linking constructs (mediation), and multiple causal pathways (moderation), using structural equations modeling (SEM). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Promoting positive, adaptive socio-emotional development of the Nation's children is a key public health goal. Our longitudinal, basic research elucidates why some children embark on positive paths toward strong competence, prosocial, rule-abiding, productive functioning, and robust socio-emotional growth, whereas other children enter antisocial paths toward poor competence, disregard for rules, callousness, disruptive and high- risk behaviors, and impoverished socio-emotional growth. A mutually responsive early parent-child relationship, interwoven with the child's biological individuality, is key to successful socio-emotional paths from infancy to adolescence. Our theory-informed translational research, a randomized experimental parenting intervention, promotes successful socio-emotional outcomes and reduces developmental risks in low-income, ethnically diverse mothers and young children. Overall, this research has broad implications for effective parenting, intervention, and prevention programs that enhance children's socio-emotional growth and reduce profound burdens for children, families, and society due to negative, disruptive developmental trajectories. .

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的总体目标是促进儿童积极、适应性的社会情感发展途径，并防止从婴儿期到青春期的适应不良途径。我们的基础研究旨在解释为什么一些孩子在家庭和更广泛的生态中走上积极的发展道路，走向成熟的良知，包括适当的道德情感、亲社会、内化、遵守规则的行为以及强大的社会情感能力，以及为什么其他孩子则进入适应不良的道路，走向冷酷无情、无视规则和他人感受、破坏性、反社会、高风险行为、能力差和社会情感成长贫乏。尽管父母社会化的作用已得到广泛认可，但其对个别儿童影响的具体机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，早期亲子相互反应取向（MRO）被认为是促进积极的长期社会情感结果的强大因素。在MRO的背景下，社会化成为一个共享的、互惠的亲子事业，孩子成为一个积极的、接受的、自愿的参与者，渴望接受父母的目标和价值观。因此，父母可以放弃使用厌恶的、严厉的控制。这项研究进一步阐明了社会化过程如何紧密交织在一起，及其结果取决于个体儿童的生物个性。我们正在进行的针对 102 名社区母亲、父亲和儿童的纵向家庭研究使用儿童 7、15、25、38、52、67、80 和 96 个月时收集的大量数据支持了这一模型。建议在 10-11、12-13 和 14-15 岁进行新的评估，以检查早期 MRO 在向青春期的关键过渡期间的影响。我们的转化研究“游戏研究”是一项持续的、以理论为依据的随机育儿干预措施，涉及 186 名低收入、多元化的母婴二人组，可促进早期母子 MRO，从而促进社会化路径，从而带来积极的儿童成果。数据在干预前、干预期间、干预后立即和干预后 6 个月收集。一项拟议的针对 7-8 岁儿童的新评估将测试其在孩子们进入学校的关键过渡后的长期影响。这项工作意义重大，因为两项研究在目标、结构和测量方面是协同和平行的，但在设计和人群方面是互补的，并且对儿童基因型采用了大规模、多方法、多性状、多评估、多信息测量，心理生理、气质、行为情绪、良心、综合评估能力与机能、亲子关系、父母适应与家庭生态。跨学科团队包括社会情感发展、青春期、发展精神病理学、母亲适应、干预科学、分子遗传学和统计学方面的专家。一个创新的、统一的理论框架整合了这两项研究。使用结构方程模型 (SEM) 分析阐明随时间的变化、发展轨迹的分歧、连接结构的过程和因果机制（中介）以及多种因果路径（调节）。 公共卫生相关性：促进国家儿童积极、适应性的社会情感发展是一项关键的公共卫生目标。我们的纵向基础研究阐明了为什么有些孩子走上积极的道路，走向强大的能力、亲社会、遵守规则、生产性功能和强大的社会情感成长，而另一些孩子则进入反社会的道路，走向能力差、无视规则、冷酷无情、破坏性和高风险行为，以及社会情感发展不良。相互回应的早期亲子关系与孩子的生物个性交织在一起，是从婴儿期到青春期成功的社会情感道路的关键。我们以理论为依据的转化研究是一项随机实验性育儿干预措施，可促进成功的社会情感结果，并降低低收入、种族多元化的母亲和幼儿的发育风险。总体而言，这项研究对有效的育儿、干预和预防计划具有广泛的影响，这些计划可以促进儿童的社会情感成长，并减轻由于消极的、破坏性的发展轨迹而给儿童、家庭和社会带来的沉重负担。 。