Elucidating the legacy of early parent-child relationship: A new developmental synthesis of temperament, internal representation, and behavior

阐明早期亲子关系的遗产：气质、内部表征和行为的新发展综合

• 批准号: 10731119
• 负责人: GRAZYNA KOCHANSKA
• 金额: $ 66.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-05 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10731119
• 关键词: Adult; Advocate; Age; Anger; Assertiveness; Behavior; Biological; Child; Child Behavior; Child Rearing; Communities; Competence; Complex; Data; Data Set; Development; Ecology; Emotional; Equation; Family; Family dynamics; Fathers; Feeling; Funding; Future; Genetic; Goals; Growth; Individuality; Infant; Influentials; Knowledge; Life; Link; Long-Term Effects; Measurable; Measures; Mediation; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Mothers; Motion; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pathway interactions; Perception; Personality; Poverty; Prevention program; Problem behavior; Process; Productivity; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Rules of conduct; Schools; Science; Secure; Socialization; Societies; Source; System; Temperament; Testing; Time; Trust; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Work; antisocial behavior; callous unemotional trait; catalyst; cognitive skill; coronavirus disease; dynamic system; early childhood; evidence base; expectation; experience; follow-up; health goals; high risk; high risk behavior; infancy; information processing; innovation; intervention program; kindergarten; middle childhood; person centered; preservation; prevent; social; social cognition; social skills; theories; welfare

ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this research is to promote children’s positive socioemotional pathways and to prevent maladaptive pathways. We elucidate why some children embark on positive paths toward prosocial, internalized, rule-abiding conduct, and robust social competence, whereas others enter maladaptive paths toward callousness, disregard for conduct rules and others’ feelings, antisocial behavior, and impoverished competence. We focus on the parent–child early relationship, formed in the first years of life, as an influential source of the divergent paths, and we longitudinally chart its complex, indirect yet powerful, long-term legacy. Drawing from our extensive research, correlational and experimental, in low- and high-risk families, we propose that although early relationship may not have long-term unqualified, direct effects, it nevertheless serves as a powerful moderator of future parent–child unfolding dynamics. Specifically, early relationship can set the stage for an adversarial, negative cascade. In suboptimal, insecure parent–child dyads, the child’s difficult temperament easily triggers the parent’s negative, harsh, power-assertive control, which, in turn, leads to detrimental child outcomes. In contrast, an early optimal relationship sets the stage for positive, cooperative, effective socialization, and defuses risks of negative cascades. We proposed that parents’ and children’s differing internal representations, expectations, and perceptions of each other (Internal Working Models, IWMs) that characterize suboptimal and optimal relationships and come to guide parents’ and children’s behavior and interactions are the key mechanisms that account for the divergent cascades. We are testing this framework in an ongoing study of 200 community mothers, fathers, and children, richly assessed at 8, 16, 38, and 50-54 months. This application proposes to leverage those massive data to follow up the families at ages 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10. Using state-of-science measures of parents’ and children’s social representations, in Aim 1 we examine how their unfolding IWMs of each other are linked to their relationship quality, how children’s Theory of Mind contributes to their IWMs, how children’s IWMs of the parents generalize to their representations of the social world, particularly hostile attributional biases, and how the child’s IWMs of two parents become integrated in development. In Aim 2, we examine the parent’s IWM of the child as moderating paths from child difficulty to parental control, and the child’s IWM of the parent as moderating paths from parental control to child outcomes. In Aim 3, we embed our model in the dynamics of the family system. Our multi-method, multi-level approach encompasses observational, genetic, and reported measures of the parent’s and the child’s relational information processing, representations, temperament, relationships, parental control, and child developmental outcomes. Variable- and person-centered analyses rely on structural equation modeling to elucidate divergent developmental cascades. We aim to realize a long-advocated – but yet to be accomplished – vision of research integrating relationships, temperament, representation, and behavior in pathways to children’s adjustment.

抽象的 这项研究的总体目标是促进儿童的积极社会情感途径并防止 适应不良的途径。我们阐明了为什么有些孩子踏上了亲社会的积极途径， 内在化的，守法的行为和强大的社会能力，而其他人则进入适应不良的道路 走向冷酷，无视行为规则和他人的感受，反社会行为和贫困 权限。我们专注于在生命的第一年形成的父母与孩子的早期关系，以此作为影响 发散路径的来源，我们纵向绘制了其复杂，间接而强大的长期遗产。 我们提出了从低风险家庭中的广泛研究，相关性和实验性的研究 尽管早期关系可能没有长期不合格的直接影响，但它仍然是 未来父母发展动力的强大主持人。具体来说，早期的关系可以奠定舞台 对于对抗性的负面级联。在次优的，不安全的父母二元组中，孩子很难 气质很容易触发父母的负面，苛刻，电力保证的控制，这又导致 有害儿童的结果。相反，早期的最佳关系为积极，合作， 有效的社会化，并防御负面级联的风险。我们提出了父母和孩子的 彼此的内部表示，期望和看法不同（内部工作模型，IWMS） 这是次优和最佳关系的特征，并指导父母和孩子的行为和 相互作用是解释不同级联反应的关键机制。我们正在测试此框架 对200名社区母亲，父亲和儿童进行的一项正在进行的研究，在8、16、38和50-54进行了丰富的评估 月份。该申请提案以利用这些大量数据来跟进5-6，7-8岁的家庭 和9-10。利用父母和孩子的社会表现的科学措施，在AIM 1我们 检查他们彼此之间的展开方式与他们的关系质量以及孩子的理论如何相关 心态有助于他们的IWM，父母的孩子的IWM如何概括为他们的代表 社交世界，尤其是敌对的属性偏见，以及孩子的两个父母的IWM如何融入 在AIM 2中，我们将孩子的父母IWM视为儿童困难的调节路径 父母的控制，以及父母的孩子的IWM作为从父母控制到儿童成果的调节路径。 在AIM 3中，我们将模型嵌入了家庭系统的动态中。我们的多方法，多层次的方法 包括观察性，遗传和报告的父母和孩子关系的措施 信息处理，表示，温度，关系，父母控制和儿童发育 结果。可变和以人为本的分析依赖于结构方程建模来阐明不同 发展级联。我们的目标是实现长期倡导但尚未实现的研究愿景 在儿童调整途径中整合关系，温度，表示和行为。