Elucidating the legacy of early parent-child relationship: A new developmental synthesis of temperament, internal representation, and behavior

阐明早期亲子关系的遗产：气质、内部表征和行为的新发展综合

• 批准号: 10731119
• 负责人: GRAZYNA KOCHANSKA
• 金额: $ 66.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-05 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10731119
• 关键词: Adult; Advocate; Age; Anger; Assertiveness; Behavior; Biological; Child; Child Behavior; Child Rearing; Communities; Competence; Complex; Data; Data Set; Development; Ecology; Emotional; Equation; Family; Family dynamics; Fathers; Feeling; Funding; Future; Genetic; Goals; Growth; Individuality; Infant; Influentials; Knowledge; Life; Link; Long-Term Effects; Measurable; Measures; Mediation; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Mothers; Motion; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pathway interactions; Perception; Personality; Poverty; Prevention program; Problem behavior; Process; Productivity; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Rules of conduct; Schools; Science; Secure; Socialization; Societies; Source; System; Temperament; Testing; Time; Trust; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Work; antisocial behavior; callous unemotional trait; catalyst; cognitive skill; coronavirus disease; dynamic system; early childhood; evidence base; expectation; experience; follow-up; health goals; high risk; high risk behavior; infancy; information processing; innovation; intervention program; kindergarten; middle childhood; person centered; preservation; prevent; social; social cognition; social skills; theories; welfare

ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this research is to promote children’s positive socioemotional pathways and to prevent maladaptive pathways. We elucidate why some children embark on positive paths toward prosocial, internalized, rule-abiding conduct, and robust social competence, whereas others enter maladaptive paths toward callousness, disregard for conduct rules and others’ feelings, antisocial behavior, and impoverished competence. We focus on the parent–child early relationship, formed in the first years of life, as an influential source of the divergent paths, and we longitudinally chart its complex, indirect yet powerful, long-term legacy. Drawing from our extensive research, correlational and experimental, in low- and high-risk families, we propose that although early relationship may not have long-term unqualified, direct effects, it nevertheless serves as a powerful moderator of future parent–child unfolding dynamics. Specifically, early relationship can set the stage for an adversarial, negative cascade. In suboptimal, insecure parent–child dyads, the child’s difficult temperament easily triggers the parent’s negative, harsh, power-assertive control, which, in turn, leads to detrimental child outcomes. In contrast, an early optimal relationship sets the stage for positive, cooperative, effective socialization, and defuses risks of negative cascades. We proposed that parents’ and children’s differing internal representations, expectations, and perceptions of each other (Internal Working Models, IWMs) that characterize suboptimal and optimal relationships and come to guide parents’ and children’s behavior and interactions are the key mechanisms that account for the divergent cascades. We are testing this framework in an ongoing study of 200 community mothers, fathers, and children, richly assessed at 8, 16, 38, and 50-54 months. This application proposes to leverage those massive data to follow up the families at ages 5-6, 7-8, and 9-10. Using state-of-science measures of parents’ and children’s social representations, in Aim 1 we examine how their unfolding IWMs of each other are linked to their relationship quality, how children’s Theory of Mind contributes to their IWMs, how children’s IWMs of the parents generalize to their representations of the social world, particularly hostile attributional biases, and how the child’s IWMs of two parents become integrated in development. In Aim 2, we examine the parent’s IWM of the child as moderating paths from child difficulty to parental control, and the child’s IWM of the parent as moderating paths from parental control to child outcomes. In Aim 3, we embed our model in the dynamics of the family system. Our multi-method, multi-level approach encompasses observational, genetic, and reported measures of the parent’s and the child’s relational information processing, representations, temperament, relationships, parental control, and child developmental outcomes. Variable- and person-centered analyses rely on structural equation modeling to elucidate divergent developmental cascades. We aim to realize a long-advocated – but yet to be accomplished – vision of research integrating relationships, temperament, representation, and behavior in pathways to children’s adjustment.

抽象的 这项研究的总体目标是促进儿童积极的社会情感途径并预防 我们解释了为什么一些孩子走上了亲社会的积极道路。 内化的、遵守规则的行为和强大的社会能力，而其他人则进入了适应不良的道路 冷酷无情、无视行为规则和他人感受、反社会行为和贫困 我们关注生命最初几年形成的、具有影响力的亲子早期关系。 不同路径的根源，我们纵向绘制其复杂、间接但强大的长期遗产。 根据我们对低风险和高风险家庭的广泛研究、相关性和实验性研究，我们建议 尽管早期的关系可能不会产生长期的无条件的直接影响，但它仍然可以作为 具体来说，早期的关系可以为未来亲子关系的发展奠定基础。 在敌对的、负面的连锁反应中，在不理想、不安全的亲子关系中，孩子会变得很困难。 脾气很容易引发父母消极、严厉、强势的控制，进而导致 相反，早期的最佳关系为积极、合作、 有效的社会化，并化解负面连锁反应的风险。 不同的内部表征、期望和彼此的看法（内部工作模型，IWM） 它描述了次优和最优关系的特征，并指导父母和孩子的行为 交互是解释不同级联的关键机制，我们正在测试这个框架。 一项针对 200 名社区母亲、父亲和儿童的持续研究，对 8 岁、16 岁、38 岁和 50-54 岁的儿童进行了丰富的评估 该应用程序建议利用这些海量数据来跟踪 5-6 岁、7-8 岁的家庭。 9-10. 在目标 1 中，我们使用父母和儿童的社会代表性的科学衡量标准 检查他们彼此展开的 IWM 与他们的关系质量有何联系，儿童理论如何 心智对他们的 IWM 有贡献，父母的孩子的 IWM 如何推广到他们对孩子的表征 社会世界，特别是敌对归因偏见，以及孩子的两个父母的 IWM 如何整合 在目标 2 中，我们将父母对孩子的 IWM 视为从困难到困难的调节路径。 家长控制以及孩子对家长的 IWM 作为从家长控制到孩子结果的调节路径。 在目标 3 中，我们将我们的模型嵌入到家庭系统的动态中。 包括对父母和孩子关系的观察、遗传和报告测量 信息处理、表征、气质、人际关系、父母控制和儿童发展 以变​​量和以人为中心的分析依靠结构方程模型来阐明不同的结果。 我们的目标是实现长期倡导但尚未实现的研究愿景。 将关系、气质、表征和行为整合到儿童的适应途径中。