DELINEATING NEURAL NETWORKS IN YOUNG ADULTS

描绘年轻人的神经网络

• 批准号: 7380578
• 负责人: KURT P. SCHULZ
• 金额: $ 0.05万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-17 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7380578
• 关键词: attention deficit disorder; basal ganglia; behavior; brain; cingulate gyrus; cognition; cues; functional magnetic resonance imaging; goal oriented behavior; human; motor cortex; prefrontal lobe /cortex; suppression; thalamic nuclei; thalamus; university student

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques has revolutionized the study of human cognition by spatially and temporally isolating brain activity related to specific processes, such as alerting and the inhibitory control of behavior. Alerting refers to the capacity to phasically increase readiness to detect and respond to an impending stimulus, while inhibitory control is a self-regulatory function that encompasses the directed suppression of inappropriate response tendencies and interference. These processes are critical for the adaptation of responses to context and the maintenance of goal-directed behavior, and deficits in both alerting and inhibitory control have been found in several disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Research with fMRI has already identified several brain regions involved in alerting and inhibitory control processes. Studies have consistently reported activation of a neural network distributed across the ventral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and possibly basal ganglia during a range of inhibitory control tasks. In contrast, phasic increases in alerting have been associated with bilateral activation of thalamic nuclei and the inferior and superior parietal lobules. However, nearly of all these studies also reported activation of anterior cingulate gyrus and other brain regions that are involved in motor control and mnemonic functions, and which are more commonly associated with responding than alerting or inhibition. These common regions of activation highlight the limitations of current paradigms designed to test inhibitory control and alerting, including not adequately controlling for motor activity and other potentially confounding processes. These limitations have particular impact on the interpretation of significant differences in activation between clinical populations and controls, and highlight the constant need for task development and improvement in fMRI research. We have developed two new tasks to test alerting and inhibitory control processes that control for the confounding factors identified in previous studies. These tasks are currently being validated in a sample of college students and will be used to test young adults with childhood ADHD in pending K01 (1 K01 MH070892-01A1; P.I.: Schulz) and R01 proposals (2 RO1 MH060698-06; P.I.: Halperin). However, the Stay Alert! and Sinai Go/No-Go tasks must be tested in the MRI scanner with healthy volunteers before they can be used with clinical populations. Hypotheses: 1. Participants will respond more rapidly to target stimuli that are preceded by cues than target stimuli that are not cued in the Stay Alert! task. Further, the cues in the task will produce robust, bilateral activation of the thalamus, as well as the inferior and superior parietal lobules when compared to noncues. 2. Successful response inhibition on the Go/No-Go task will be associated with increased activation of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and basal gangli

该子项目是利用 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者 (PI) 可能已从另一个 NIH 来源获得主要资金，因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中出现。列出的机构是中心的机构，不一定是研究者的机构。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术的发展通过在空间和时间上隔离与特定过程（例如警报和行为的抑制控制）相关的大脑活动，彻底改变了人类认知的研究。警报是指阶段性地增加检测和响应即将发生的刺激的能力，而抑制控制是一种自我调节功能，包括直接抑制不适当的反应倾向和干扰。这些过程对于适应环境反应和维持目标导向行为至关重要，并且在多种疾病中发现了警觉和抑制控制的缺陷，包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）。功能磁共振成像研究已经确定了涉及警报和抑制控制过程的几个大脑区域。研究一致报道，在一系列抑制控制任务期间，分布在腹侧前额皮质、辅助运动区以及可能的基底神经节的神经网络被激活。相反，警觉性的阶段性增加与丘脑核和上下顶小叶的双侧激活有关。然而，几乎所有这些研究都报告了前扣带回和其他参与运动控制和记忆功能的大脑区域的激活，这些区域通常与反应相关，而不是与警报或抑制相关。这些常见的激活区域凸显了当前旨在测试抑制控制和警报的范例的局限性，包括不能充分控制运动活动和其他潜在的混淆过程。这些限制对于解释临床人群和对照之间激活的显着差异具有特别的影响，并强调了功能磁共振成像研究中任务开发和改进的持续需求。 我们开发了两项新任务来测试警报和抑制控制过程，以控制先前研究中确定的混杂因素。这些任务目前正在大学生样本中进行验证，并将用于在待定的 K01（1 K01 MH070892-01A1；P.I.：Schulz）和 R01 提案（2 RO1 MH060698-06；P.I.：Halperin）中测试患有儿童多动症的年轻人）。但是，请保持警惕！西奈 Go/No-Go 任务必须在 MRI 扫描仪中由健康志愿者进行测试，然后才能用于临床人群。 假设： 1. 与保持警觉中没有提示的目标刺激相比，参与者对有提示的目标刺激的反应更快！任务。此外，与非线索相比，任务中的线索将产生丘脑以及下顶叶和上顶小叶的强有力的双侧激活。 2. 对Go/No-Go任务的成功反应抑制将与腹外侧前额皮质、辅助运动区和基底神经节的激活增加相关