Translational Research on Eating Disorders: Reward Systems

饮食失调的转化研究：奖励系统

基本信息

批准号：
8032519
负责人：
B. TIMOTHY WALSH
金额：
$ 55.11万
依托单位：
NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-05-21 至 2013-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8032519
关键词：
Affect Animals Anorexia Nervosa Artificial Sweeteners Avidity Behavioral Behavioral Paradigm Binding Binge Eating Bulimia Characteristics Clinical Collaborations Corpus striatum structure Development Disease Dopamine Drug Addiction Eating Eating Behavior Eating Disorders Exhibits Fatty acid glycerol esters Feeding behaviors Food Foundations Grant Health Human Image Individual Intake Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Laboratory Animals Measures Methods Methylphenidate Midbrain structure Modeling Morbidity - disease rate Neurosciences Opioid Opioid Receptor Opioid Receptor Binding Oral Participant Patients Population Positron-Emission Tomography Raclopride Recurrence Research Research Personnel Rewards Role Sensory Receptors Solutions Stimulus Substance Use Disorder Substance abuse problem System Translational Research Underweight Ursidae Family Weight Woman Work addiction base carfentanil effective therapy feeding indexing mortality mu opioid receptors novel strategies purge receptor binding receptor density response restoration sham feeding transmission process willingness

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are serious psychiatric illnesses that affect a significant number of women and that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. New approaches to understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the persistence of these disorders are sorely needed. Several lines of evidence suggest that abnormalities in ingestive behavior characteristic of these disorders bear similarities at a phenomenological and/or pathophysiological level to substance use disorders. Building on current understanding of mechanisms of addiction and on paradigms successfully employed to examine animal eating behavior, the proposed work will critically examine mechanisms that may underlie the development and persistence of human eating disorders. The proposed work is translational at two levels: first, from models of drug addiction to models of abnormal ingestive behavior, and, second, between models of ingestive behavior in laboratory animals and eating disorders in humans. This application grows out of a developmental grant which established collaboration among basic and clinical researchers with expertise in feeding neuroscience, addiction neuroscience, and eating disorders, with a focus on eating disorders. Based on paradigms developed under this collaboration, the current application proposes to examine factors that may contribute to the persistence of human eating disorders, focusing on the role of food reward, and on dopaminergic and opioid systems. The first specific aim of the proposed work is to identify and characterize behavioral indices of the motivating and rewarding effects of food in women with eating disorders and appropriate control subjects. The second aim is to investigate changes in dopamine release and receptor density, and in opioid receptor density via PET in the same populations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will provide new information on mechanisms underlying the persistence of eating disorders and the resemblance of these disorders to disorders of substance abuse. Knowledge of these mechanisms will provide a scientific foundation for the development of more effective treatment interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：饮食失调神经厌食症和神经性贪食症是严重的精神病，会影响大量女性，并且与大量的发病率和死亡率有关。迫切需要理解有助于这些疾病持久性的机制的新方法。几条证据表明，这些疾病的摄取行为特征异常在现象学和/或病理生理学水平与物质使用障碍的情况下具有相似性。在当前对成瘾机制和成功地检查动物饮食行为的范式的理解的基础上，拟议的工作将严格检查可能是人类饮食失调的发展和持久性的机制。拟议的工作是两个层次的转化：首先，从吸毒模型到异常摄取行为的模型，其次，在实验动物的摄取行为模型和人类的饮食失调之间。该应用程序源于发展赠款，该赠款在基础研究人员和临床研究人员之间建立了合作，在喂养神经科学，成瘾神经科学和饮食失调方面具有专业知识，重点是饮食失调。基于在此合作下发展的范式，当前的申请提议研究可能有助于人类饮食失调的因素，重点关注食物奖励的作用以及多巴胺能和阿片类药物系统。拟议工作的第一个具体目的是识别和表征食物对饮食失调和适当控制对象的粮食动机和有益影响的行为指数。第二个目的是研究多巴胺释放和受体密度的变化，以及通过同一种群中PET的阿片类药物受体密度的变化。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将提供有关饮食失调持续存在的机制以及这些疾病与药物滥用障碍的相似之处的新信息。这些机制的知识将为开发更有效的治疗干预措施提供科学基础。