Aging and multi-task training

老化和多任务训练

• 批准号: 7253988
• 负责人: ARTHUR F. KRAMER
• 金额: $ 29.32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7253988
• 关键词: Adult; Aging; Attention; Automobile Driving; Cognition; Cognitive; Consensus; Elderly; Exhibits; Feedback; Gophers; Lead; Learning; Literature; Methodology; Monitor; Motor; Numbers; Performance; Process; Psychological Transfer; Rate; Research; Schedule; Short-Term Memory; Simulate; Source; Speed; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Verbal Learning; Visuospatial; age related; base; improved; multitask; programs; psychological aspect of aging; skills; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The major aims of our research program on aging and multi-task training include the following: (1) To examine the hypothesis that training strategies, such as variable priority training (Gopher, 1993; 2000; Kramer et al, 1999c), which emphasize the flexible coordination among two or more tasks, will enhance the rate of learning and level of mastery exhibited on trained tasks as well as the retention of performance. Furthermore, we predict that such training strategies are well suited for older adults given their demonstrated difficulties in meta-cognitive skills such as self-monitoring. Thus, we predict a reduction in age-related dual-task performance differences with the use of variable priority training strategies. (2) To examine the hypothesis that dual-task training, particularly with variable priority training strategies, will lead to the improvement in a number of aspects of processing including the automatization of the trained tasks, improvement in the efficiency of dual-task processing strategies such as time-sharing and timeswitching, and improvements in the efficiency of elementary processes relevant to dual-task performance such as perceptual speed, working memory, and various attentional processes. Furthermore, we predict that enhanced dual-task processing engendered by training will transfer to an inherently multi-task situation - automobile driving in a high fidelity simulator. (3) To examine the hypothesis that the scheduling of performance feedback, in the form of adaptively fading feedback with practice, will enhance the transfer and retention of dual-task processing skills and reduce the age-related decrement in dual-task performance. To test this hypothesis we will adapt some of the feedback scheduling techniques that have been successfully used in the motor and verbal learning literatures to the arena of dual-task processing (a la Schmidt & Bork, 1992; Sweeney & Dee, 2001). (4) To examine the hypothesis that visual-spatial attentional skills (e.g. the Useful Field of View task, Ball & Owsley, 2000, 2002), will also benefit from training within the context of variable priority training methodology. Furthermore, we predict that training visual-spatial skills will transfer to elementary perceptual and cognitive processes (see Green & Baveiler, 2003) as well as simulated automobile driving.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们关于老龄化和多任务训练的研究计划的主要目标包括以下内容：（1）检验训练策略（例如可变优先级训练）的假设（Gopher，1993；2000；Kramer 等人） al, 1999c) 强调两个或多个任务之间的灵活协调，将提高学习率和对受过训练的任务的掌握水平以及绩效的保持。此外，我们预测这种培训策略非常适合老年人，因为他们在自我监控等元认知技能方面表现出困难。因此，我们预测通过使用可变优先级训练策略，与年龄相关的双任务表现差异会减少。 （2）检验这样的假设：双任务训练，特别是可变优先级训练策略，将导致处理的许多方面的改进，包括训练任务的自动化、双任务处理策略效率的提高例如分时和时间切换，以及与双任务性能相关的基本过程效率的提高，例如感知速度、工作记忆和各种注意力过程。此外，我们预测，训练产生的增强的双任务处理将转移到固有的多任务情况——高保真模拟器中的汽车驾驶。 （3）检验这样的假设：通过实践以自适应衰减反馈的形式安排绩效反馈将增强双任务处理技能的迁移和保留，并减少双任务绩效与年龄相关的下降。为了检验这一假设，我们将把一些已在运动和言语学习文献中成功使用的反馈调度技术应用于双任务处理领域（la Schmidt & Bork，1992；Sweeney & Dee，2001）。 (4) 检验视觉空间注意力技能（例如有用视野任务，Ball & Owsley，2000，2002）也将从可变优先级训练方法背景下的训练中受益的假设。此外，我们预测视觉空间技能的训练将转移到基本的感知和认知过程（参见 Green & Baveiler，2003）以及模拟汽车驾驶。