Behavioral Neuroscience and Stroke

行为神经科学和中风

• 批准号: 7110355
• 负责人: Robert Thomas Knight
• 金额: $ 129.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-15 至 2008-03-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7110355
• 关键词: clinical research; human subject; neuroimaging; neuropsychology; neurosciences; stroke

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Program Project employs a multidisciplinary approach focused on delineating the neural mechanisms supporting cognition in humans. Three key components of human cognition including executive control, memory and language will be studied. These three Projects interact extensively in an effort to bridge theoretical and experimental boundaries between research domains. The principle goals of the Program Project are to define discrete processes unique to particular cognitive operations and to elucidate common neural mechanisms enabling humans to fluidly perform a range of cognitive operations. To achieve this, we will utilize several powerful research methodologies in each project. The central component of the Program Project is an extensive neurological patient population with well-defined focal brain damage. This research population has been developed and maintained over the last 21 years at UC Berkeley, UC Davis and the VA Northern California Health Care System and forms a unique neuropsychological tool for studying human cognition. The Core of the Program Project provides detailed neuropsychological and neuroanatomical definition for all the neurological patients to be investigated in the specific projects. The Core also supports and extends state of the art human electrophysiological and functional brain imaging facilities available to all researchers in the Program Project. Project 1's focus is on executive control of cognition with a particular emphasis on the role of sub regions of prefrontal cortex in attention, working memory and task switching. The role of prefrontal cortex in executive control of memory and language is also examined. Project 2 addresses the role of medial temporal regions in memory storage and binding of new information. A prefrontal-medial temporal system has been implicated in the preferential detection and long-term storage of novel information. These processes will be explored in a series of experiments aimed at understanding the neuroanatomical and temporal relations of cortico-limbic interactions in memory processing. Project 3 addresses key questions on the neural organization and functional interplay of distributed cortical networks engaged in language processing. This project draws on an extensive aphasic population in combination with electrophysiological and fMR1 techniques in an effort to study key linguistic issues related to articulation, lexical-semantic storage and access, and executive control of language. The Program Project fuses cognitive neuroscientists with the behavioral and physiological tools critical for definition of the temporal and neuroanatomical substrates of the cognitive processes central to normal and disordered human cognition.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该计划项目采用一种多学科方法，重点是描述支持人类认知的神经机制。将研究人类认知的三个关键组成部分，包括执行控制，记忆和语言。这三个项目进行了广泛的互动，以弥合研究领域之间的理论和实验边界。该计划项目的主要目标是定义特定认知操作独特的离散过程，并阐明使人能够流畅地执行一系列认知操作的常见神经机制。为了实现这一目标，我们将在每个项目中利用几种强大的研究方法。该程序项目的中心部分是一个广泛的神经病患者人群，其定义明确的局灶性脑损伤。在过去的21年中，该研究人群是在加州大学伯克利分校，加州大学戴维斯分校和弗吉尼亚州北加州医疗保健系统中开发和维持的，并构成了研究人类认知的独特神经心理学工具。该计划项目的核心为在特定项目中进行研究的所有神经系统患者提供了详细的神经心理学和神经解剖学定义。该核心还支持并扩展了该计划项目中所有研究人员可用的人类电生理和功能性脑成像设施的最佳状态。项目1的重点是对认知的执行控制，特别着重于前额叶皮层的子区域在注意力，工作记忆和任务切换中的作用。还研究了前额叶皮层在记忆和语言执行控制中的作用。项目2解决了内侧时间区域在记忆存储和新信息结合中的作用。前额叶内外时间系统已与新信息的优先检测和长期存储有关。这些过程将在一系列实验中进行探讨，以了解记忆过程中皮质膜相互作用的神经解剖学和时间关系。项目3解决了有关从事语言处理的分布式皮质网络的神经组织和功能相互作用的关键问题。该项目借鉴了广泛的失语症，结合了电生理和FMR1技术，以研究与表达，词汇 - 语义存储和访问以及语言执行控制有关的关键语言问题。该计划项目将认知神经科学家与行为和生理工具融合在一起，对于定义正常和无序人认知中心的认知过程的时间和神经解剖过程至关重要。